114 



COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 



a hole and the implement a ring. They vary in diameter from 2 to 6 inches, and 

 are usually of hard stone, worked by pecking or grinding, or both, but with such 

 perfection ns to excite admiration. The larger ones were used by the Indians in 

 a game called &quot;Chungkee,&quot; described by early writers. Thirteen specimens. 

 Sinkers, pendants, or charms (fig. 33). These names indicate the supposed use of 

 these objects. They are usually pear shaped, are of hematite or some hard stone, 

 well wrought and finely polished. Many have a slight groove near the smaller 

 end, while more have no groove. They are in greater abundance in the interior 

 than on the borders of lakes or oceans. Others having greater appearance of 

 sinkers are pebbles, round or oval, with a well-defined, ground or polished groove 



DISCQIDAL OB CHUNGKEE STONES. 



116, ferruginous quartz, yellow, &amp;gt;h brown, Tennessee; 117. ferruginous quartz, brown, Tennessee; 118, greenstone, Illinois, mound; 

 119, Ohio; 120, quartzite, Ohio, 121, quartzo.se, Georgia; 122, argillaceous, Pennsylvania; 123, ferruginous quartz, Texas. 



in the center, evidently for the use of a cord or thong. Still others, and more 

 numerous, found in large numbers on the banks of rivers and lakes in the eastern 

 United States, are naught but a flat pebble with rude notches on each edge or 

 occasionally with a hole drilled in the center. 



Perforators (fig. 34). These are peculiar to the United States. They are always of 

 hard stone, usually flint, the point or borer is sharp, the shaft is chipped nearly 

 round, is never polished, frequently 3 and even 4 inches long, and with slight 

 taper. The top or handle is chipped broad and thin and fits easily in the 

 thumb and finger, as if for use as a gimlet. Its form is such that it might have 

 been used as arrow or spear head. The point is frequently rounded off and worn 

 smooth, as though from use. They may have been used as an awl to bore hides 

 or skins, as a gimlet to bore holes in wood, or attached to a shaft for drilling 

 stone. These suggested uses have not all been accepted wi Ji unanimity. If 



