116 



COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 



used as perforators of hide or wood, why not employ a pointed bone ; if for drill 

 ing a stone, why are they not found in Europe, where so much drilling was done? 

 Their possible use as blunt arrows has been suggested and some claim them as 

 charms, also as hairpins. Twenty-two specimens. 



32 



33 



Fig. 34. 



PERFORATORS OR DRILLS. 



32, red jasper, Ohio: 33. brown jasper, Oregon: 34, white flint, Missouri; 35, gray (lint, Ohio; 36, hornstone, Tennessee; 37, gray semi- 

 opal, California; 318, gray flint, Santa Cruz, California. 



The aborigines of America were adepts in drilling stone. They drilled holes, large 

 and small, straight and crooked, regular and irregular, parallel and conical, from 

 one side or end or from both, with tools of wood and of copper, solid or hollow. 

 They drilled hard stone like quartz, jasper, etc., as effectually as soft stone. 

 Specimens of drilling are shown in pipes, and in the supposed ceremonial objects, 

 but not in axes or hammers. 



Fig. 35. 



STONE TUBES. 



Tennessee; 170, chlorite, Te 



Tubes and pipes of stone, principally serpentine and steatite (fig. 35.) They were 

 drilled and the hole enlarged at one end so as to form a pipe, and were used by 

 the aborigines for smoking tobacco. They have been found in ancient graves 

 on the Pacific coast with the mouthpieces of cane fastened with asphaltum. 



