COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 



119 



Mailers, paint stones, and cups (fig. 49). The harder hematite was made into mullers 

 for grinding paint, though other stone was employed. The forms were various, 

 but the conical prevailed. Other varieties of iron oxide, limonite, red and brown 

 ocher, served as paint for personal decoration. It was preserved in small cups, 

 usually of steatite. 



Fig. 38. 



STONE AND CLAY PIPES. 



186, (argillaceous), Pennsylvania; 187, serpentine (loon) (?), West Virginia ; 188, argillaceous (parrot ), New York ; 189, argillaceous, 

 Ohio ; 190, chlorite (platform) (?), Virginia; 191, serpentine, New York; 192. steatite (lizard), Pennsylvania; 193, steatite, North Caro 

 lina; 194, serpentine (4 human faces or masks), Texas; 195, limestone, Kentucky; 196, clay. Georgia; 197, serpentine (tube), California; 

 198, clay (coiled snake), New York; 199, clay (raven) (?), New York. 



Digging implements (figs. 50-52). These are peculiar to the United States. They 

 are of silicious material, chiefly the novaculite of Arkansas or the white flint of 

 Illinois and Missouri, and are made entirely by chipping. Many are worn appar 

 ently by use, but some show a polish or luster not yet explained. They are more 

 frequent in tlie Mississippi, Ohio, and Tennessee valleys than elsewhere. There 

 are three forms of these implements : 



