120 COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 



1. Large flat objects of a regular oval outline, chipped to an edge all around, 



but used only on the larger end, which show a polish as though from use 

 in digging in earth or sand. Average size, from 12 to 18 inches long, 4 to 

 6 wide, and three-fourths to 1 inch thick (fig. 50;. 



2. Smaller flat objects, triangular in outline, shortest side slightly rounded and 



chipped to an edge, occasionally showing signs of wear ; 7 to 9 inches long, 

 4| to 5 wide, and three-fourths to 1 inch thick (fig. 51). 



3. Still. smaller, flat, nearly round, in outline, sharp all around at the edge, 



truncated on the top or poll, and notched as though for lashing to a handle 

 with a thong or withe, though no signs of wear appear ; 5 to 7 inches long, 

 4 to 6 wide, and three-fourths to 1 inch thick (fig&quot;. 52). 



185 



Fig. 39. 

 CALUMET PIPE. 



Steatite, Kentucky. 



Stone swords were made by the aborigines of the United States. They were chipped 

 and never polished ; they differed from the leaf-shaped implement in that they 

 were longer and heavier ; they differed from daggers in that they were not chipped 

 so as to form a handle. Some were as long as 16 inches, and others reduced to 8. 

 The handle was wrapped with skin, cloth, grass, or the like. The specimen here 

 shown from the Hupa Indians, is but 5 inches long, and the handle is wrapped 

 with otter skin (fig. 53), which possibly has some ceremonial or medicine sig 

 nificance. It was collected by Capt. P. H. Ray, U. S. A. 



Stone daggers (fig. 54) are different from, and not to be confounded with, the leaf- 

 shaped implements, which may have had wooden handles, and have been used 

 indifferently as knives or spearheads. The daggers resemble the same weapon 

 from Scandinavia, and are, like them, always chipped, and rarely or never pol 

 ished. The handles have been worked out of the solid. They are rare in the 

 United States. 



