130 COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 



WE- 



miles southwest of Fort Wingate, and belongs to the Indians of that name. Taos 

 is situated on the Taos River, a tributary of the Rio Grande in New Mexico, 

 northward about 200 miles from Santa Fe. It was occupied by Spaniards in the 

 time of the Conquerer and was the scene of a sanguinary contest in the o-reat 

 rebellion of 1690. Wolpi (spelled also Hualpe) lies at the extreme west of the 

 Pueblo country and belongs to the Tusayaii Indians called Moquis, a name they 

 do not accept, preferring that of Hopi. Some of the trans 

 parent photographs in the windows show views of pueblos 

 and pueblo life. 



The first knowledge had by the Europeans of New Mexico and 

 Arizona was about the year 1530, when it was vaguely called 

 the country of the &quot; Seven Cities.&quot; In 1540 Vasquez Coronado, 

 governor of New Galicia, organized an army of 300 Spaniards 

 and 800 Indians, and set out for the north to conquer the 

 Seven Cities of Cibola.&quot; It is highly probable that these 

 &quot; Seven Cities&quot; were located in the valley in which Zufii is 

 now found. At any rate all that country was subjugated and 

 an expedition was sent out to the northwest to conquer other 

 rumored &quot;cities&quot; in that direction. Supposed traces of this 

 expedition in the shape of Spanish mail armor, Spanish 



bridles, bits, etc., have been 

 found far north, in Kansas, 

 and even in Minnesota, In 

 the course of this expedition 

 seven villages were subju 

 gated, and priests were left 

 with them to inculcate the 

 religion of the conquerors. 

 This region was called 

 Tusayaii. 



At a general insurrection of the 

 natives, which took place 

 in 1680, the Spaniards were 

 expelled from Tusayan as 

 from the other pueblos, but 

 while all the others were 

 reconquered within a few 

 years and rechristianized, 

 the power of the Spaniards 

 never was reestablished as 

 far west as Tusayan, and 

 since 1680 there has not been 

 a priest stationed among 

 them. They practice to-day 

 essentially the same rites 

 and ceremonies as their 

 forefathers before the dis 

 covery by Columbus, and 

 are therefore of peculiar in 

 terest in prehistoric science. 



Zuiii is the largest and most populous of the existing pueblos, and is supposed to 

 have contained a population of nearly 5,000. There are, in 1880, but 1,602. The 

 houses are built of small stone laid up as a wall with little mud mortar, the 

 interstices chinked and the wall plastered, still with mud mortar. The Span 

 iards during their 150 years occupation taught them the art of building with 

 adobe or sun-dried bricks, of which material the old church in Zuiii is constructed 



(30190) 



Fig. 53. 



OBSIDIAN DAGGERS. 



Hoopa Valley, California. 



