140 



COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 



Bronze hairpins. At the station of the Bronze Age at Wallishofen, Lake Zurich, 

 were found, in. 1884, about 2,000 such pins. Some were 16 inches in length with 

 a head as large as a walnut. They were decorated with concentric circles and 

 not infrequently colored stones more or less precious were inserted. 

 Bronze fibuhe (safety pins). These were used during the Bronze Age, continuing 

 throughout the Grecian, Etruscan, and Roman civilizations, to he used as pins 

 for fastening their garments. They are usually found on opening the ancient 

 graves of the latter peoples about the shoulders and breast. 



Bronze center base of shield (Roman clipeus). Remark the decoration by incised 

 lines in concentric circles. Similar objects have been found with holes on one 

 side near the edge, supposed to have been for suspension. The shield of the 

 Romans (and so also believed of the Etruscans) was of immense size, made 

 sometimes of leather or hide, and covered with buttons with protruding points 

 for spikes. No. 101812 is one of these spikes. 



Bronze strigile. This instrument was used in the bath and by athletes for scraping 

 the skin. The hollow or spoonbill held the oil poured into it from the little 



flagon, and with it the skin was 

 anointed. Notice some with closed 

 handles for closed rings. No. 101402 

 bears the private mark of the maker 

 or owner. 



Bronze belt of a warrior (fragment). 

 Found in a tomb near Vulci. Only 

 one end or front part has been pre 

 served; the center has decayed by 

 contact with the earth under the 

 back of the extended corpse. The 

 holes near the edges secured a bind 

 ing, possibly of leather or cloth. 

 Notice the small nails for this pur 

 pose. Tli3 point is split and spread, 

 each way over the binding. Here 

 is the original of the modern McGill 

 patent split spike or paper fastener, 

 specimens of which lie by its side. 

 Steatite molds for bronze hatchets (cast). 

 Europe Each side thereof has been utilized 



for a similar purpose. Found in Cis- 



ternes-]#-Foret, Puy-de-Dome, by M. Brouillet. Original in Musee Clermont- 

 Ferrand. 



Bronze molds for bronze hatchets. A pair of molds complete for casting winged 

 hatchets. The wings were made straight, to be hammered over the split handle 

 and fasten it firmly. The ring for lashing the handle, the orifice to receive the 

 molten metal, and the vents for escape of air are phiinly to be seen. Part of the 

 treasure of Vandrevauges, near Sarrelouis, Alsace. Gathered by Victor Simon. 

 Original at Musee Saint Germain, Paris. No. 8102. 



Bronze molds for socketed bronze hatchets. Cast of a mold, in two pieces, for 

 socketed bronze hatchets, fourth style. The ring on the side is plainly shown ; 

 the core is absent. Found at Bricquebec, Seine-Inferieure, France. 

 Terra-cotta mold for bronze hammers. With core complete, for socketed hammers. 

 From the station of Moeriugen, Lake Bienue, Switzerland. Gathered by Dr. 

 Gross. Original in Government Museum, Berne, Switzerland. 



Mold for a bronze knife, with a socket. Cast of a mold, with core, for bronze knives, 

 with a socket for the insertion of the handle instead of a tang. Complete in 

 three pieces. Found by Dr. Gross, Lake Neufchatel. Original in Government 

 Museum, Berne, Switzerland. 



Fi. 



. 65. Fig. 66. 



BRONZE HATCHETS. 



