COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 



141 



ABORIGINAL MODES OF HAFTING STONE IMPLEMENTS. UNITED STATES. 



Various North American tribes still use, though to a limited extent, weapons and 

 tools of stone and bone, hafting them according to the methods in vogue among 

 their forefathers. Such modern specimens illustrate the manner in which the stone 

 axes, celts, adzes, and other implements of earlier date were rendered serviceable 

 by the addition of handles, and are here shown for purposes of comparison: 

 FiG. 323. Grooved greenstone ax, with a hickory withe bent around the groove. The 



ends of the withe, which form the handle, are firmly bound with strips of raw 



hide below the stone head, near the middle, and at the lower part. From the 



Dakota Indians. 

 FIG. 324. Polished stone hatchets of argillite, chipped thin at the poll, to fit into the 



cleft end of an oaken stick, where it is secured by twisted cords of sinew. From 



the Indians of the Missouri Valley. 



323 



324 



Fig. 67. 



ABORIGINAL METHODS OF HAFTING STONE IMPLEMENTS. 



FIG. 325. War club, consisting of a solidly round stone, attached to a long handle 

 with rawhide sewed with sinew, and a looped thong in the end for the wrist. 

 From the Dakota Indians. 



FIG. 326. A weapon of similar character. In this instance, however, the handle is 

 much shorter and the round stone head is not firmly attached by flexible 

 thongs. The rawhide covering of the weapon (including the head and handle), 

 consists of one piece taken from the caudal portion of an ox, a part of whose 

 tail forms an ornamental appendage to the handle. From the Apaches. 



FIG. 327. A war club with a well- wrought and polished egg-shaped head of yellow 

 ish limestone, and strengthened by a casing of rawhide, which extends about 

 6 inches below the head. The part of the ashen handle that encircles the stone 

 is ornamented with large-headed brass nails. The extremity of the handle, 

 again, is enveloped by a tightly fitting covering of rawhide, taken from the 

 caudal part of the buffalo. A tuft of the animal s tail has been retained for 

 decoration, and a feather of the wild turkey is attached to the hair by a narrow 

 strip of dressed skin. From the Blackfeet. 



FIG. 328. A weapon of the same description. The polished head is smaller and 

 more elongated than in the original of fig. 327. The handle shows the usual 

 casing of rawhide, and is looped for a wrist strap. From the Mississippi River 

 Valley. 



