COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 155 



Beed. Composed of many little reeds, or small pieces of cut reed, tied at one end, 

 in an upright position, side by side, between parallel rods midway ; each reed 

 has a hole burned through it. It is used in weaving to open the warp alternately 

 and to permit the passage of the shuttle. Zuni Indians (Zuiiian stock), New 

 Mexico. 127688, 69657, 69696. Collected by Col. James Stevenson. 



Belt. Placed in the loom to show the mode of work. Texture of white, red, and 

 green wool, forming geometrical figures. The Zuni and Moki Indians are cele 

 brated for their skill in making and weaving belts. Zuni Indians (Zufiian 

 stock), New Mexico. 129209. Collected by Mrs. M. E. Stevenson. 



Fat scraper. Made of ivory of walrus tusk. It has a cavity very ingeniously cut in 

 it and a hole in which to insert and hold the thumb. It is sharpened on only one 

 side. This implement is used only with the right hand ; the operator scrapes the 

 green hide with it to remove the fat. Length, 8 inches; width of the blade, 1| 

 inches. Eskimo of Togiak River, Alaska. 127508. Collected by I. Applegate. 



Fat scraper. Ingeniously made of a thin strip of the outside of a stag s antler, wide 

 in the center and narrow at the ends. This strip is curved in the form of a 

 truncated cone, cut at one end in the form of a bow which locks at the other 

 end into a triangular opening like a barrel hoop. This implement is made 

 when the horn is soft. This pattern is used only at Bristol Bay. Diameter, 3 

 inches. Eskimo of Bristol Bay, Alaska. 55911. Collected by C. L. McKay. 



Hide scraper. Made of ivory of walrus tusk. The cavities for the forefingers and 

 thumb are shallow and extend nearly to the flint blade. The cut at the bottom 

 is very deep. Length, 4f inches. Eskimo of Point Hope, Alaska. Collected by 

 E. W. Nelson. 



Hide scraper. The handle is of hard wood. The cavity for the thumb is deep and 

 long, and in it tftere is a projection of the shape of an ear. A cavity gives it 

 the appearance of a skull, and ends an inch behind the stone blade. The tail 

 piece is cut in the shape of a bell. The shape of this implement is entirely 

 original, and gives reason to think that it was made to suit the hand of the 

 operator. Length, 5 inches. Eskimo of Point Hope, Alaska. 63849. Col 

 lected byE. W. Nelson. 



Hide scraper. The handle is of wood, and has a shallow mortise cut in one of its ends. 

 The blade is a narrow hatchet of schist lashed to the handle by a fastening of 

 spruce-pine root. Length, 16 inches; width of the blade, 1 inches. Eskimo of 

 Nunivak Island, Alaska. 43886. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 



Hide scraper. The handle is of wood. The blade is a smooth hatchet of slate, care 

 fully inserted in the lower part of the handle. It has a cavity for the thumb. 

 The cavity for the forefinger is on top, and those for the other three fingers 

 underneath. The palm of the hand rests on the end. Length, llf inches ; width 

 of the blade, 2| inches. Eskimo of Norton Bay, Alaska. 43927. Collected by 

 E. W. Nelson. 



Graining tool. The handle is the shoulder blade of an ox. A toothed iron blade is 

 attached to the handle -by a hide strap. Length, 12 inches; width of the blade, 

 If inches. Indians of Ungava Bay, Labrador. 89924. Collected by Lucien M. 

 Turner. 



Fat scraper. Made of a thin strip of buck horn, bent in the shape of a hoop, with the 

 ends interlaced, but not fastened. The ends are tied with three turns of a hide 

 strap around the outside. This is the only specimen in existence. Diameter, 3f 

 inches. Eskimo of Nakneek, Alaska. 127792. Collected by William J. Fisher. 



Fat scraper. Made of walrus-tusk ivory. The lower part is cut in the shape of a 

 preserving ladle. The handle consists of two prongs, the extremities of which 

 are carved to represent two bear s heads. Length, 4 inches; width, 2| inches. 

 Eskimo of Putnam River, Alaska. 127896. Collected by Lieut. George M. 

 Stoney, U. S. N. 



