COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 157 



Hide scrapers (3). Made of flat circular stones, not polished. One is of sandstone, 

 and the others are of dark chert. Length, 4, 5, and 6 inches. Kiowa Indians 

 (Kiowan stock) Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152969. Collected 

 by James Mooney. 



Grainer, wiih sharpener. The grainer is made of an entire bone of the leg of a cow, 

 and has a toothed edge. The sharpener is a piece of rib bone. Length, 15 inches 

 Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 

 152972. Collected by James Mooney. 



Grainer for tanning skins. Made of a concave strip of iron. The handle is covered 

 with canvas. The lower edge is toothed. Length, 15 inches. Kiowa Indians 

 (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152974 (b). Col 

 lected by James Mooney. 



Hide scrapers (3). The handle is of deer s antler, and is of the shape of a hoe, to 

 which a steel blade is fastened by buckskin straps. Length, 11| inches. Kiowa 

 Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152970 (a). 

 Collected by James Mooney. 



Hide scraper. Bone of the rib of a cow, which the tanner uses for stripping the hair 

 from the hides, after moistening them slightly. Length, 154^ inches. Kiowa 

 Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152975. 

 Collected by James Mooney. 



Grainer for Tanning skins. Made of bone from a cow sleg, split and toothed on the 

 lower edge. A piece of wood is inserted in the concave part, and the whole ia 

 covered with hide. A thin strap is fixed on the end of this covering to fasten 

 the implement to the operator s wrist, in order to enable him to work steadily. 

 Length, 10 inches. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian 

 Territory, 1891. 152973. Collec ed by James Mooney. 



Hope for tanning skins. Made of a rawhide strap, cut in two and twisted. Length, 



3 feet. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 

 1891. 152979. Collected by James Mooney. 



Braided rope. Made of buft alo sinew. Four-ply braid. It is used for tanning skins, 

 Kiowa Indians (Kiowau stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 

 152980. Collected by James Moouey. 



Pick for breaking ice. Made of whale rib bone, attached to a wooden handle by a 

 strip of hide which is wrapped around the handle. Its shape is very much like 

 that of a mattock. Length of the handle, 18- inches; length of the pick, 14 

 inches. Eskimo of Mackenzie River district, British America. 1852. Col 

 lected by B. R. Ross. 



Pick for breaking ice. Pick made of whale-rib bone, fastened to the end of a wooden; 

 handle by a hide thong. The pick forms with the handle an arc of about 60. 

 A strong strap is attached to the center of the bone, extending to the handle, 

 and serves as a baud to keep the pick in the position described. Length of the 

 handle, 31 inches; length of the pick, 18 inches. Chukchis, eastern Siberia, 

 1864. 2511. Collected by Commodore Rodgers, U. S. N. 



Pick for breaking ice. Made of bone, fastened to a wooden handle by a hide strap, 

 which extends around the pick and passes through a hole made in the handle. 

 Length of the handle, 18 inches; length of the pick, 9f inches. Eskimo of 

 Cape Espenberg, Alaska, 1880. 63599. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 



Adze. An iron pick attached to a wooden handle by a hide strap, which extends 

 above the upper part of the pick and passes through a hole made in the handle. 

 Length of the handle, 11 inches; width of the pick, 5| inches. Eskimo of Mac 

 kenzie River, Canada, 1869. 5126. Collected by R. McFarlane. 



Adze. Handle of stag s horn, bowed at the lower end. A stone pick, inserted at 

 right angles in the handle. Length of the handle, 13 inches ; length of the pick, 



4 inches. Eskimo of St. Michaels Island, Alaska, 1878. 33084. Collected byE. 

 W. Nelson. 



