COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 165 



Diadem front . Flat piece of wood, carved and painted, representing a human figure. 

 It is used in the ceremonial dances. Length, 6 inches; width, 5 inches. 

 Indians of the northwest coast of North America. 688. Collected by George 

 Gibbs. 



Diadem front. Rectangular piece of wood, from which the heads of a bear and a 

 bird rise in relief. Painted blue, and the outlines black and red. Length, 5 

 inches; width, 3| inches. Sitka Indians (Koluschan stock), Sitka, Alaska. 

 20755. Collected by James G. Swan. 



Ceremonial mask* It is of the shape of a narrow face, and is of wood, painted white, 

 with black and red outlines. A pointed projection rises from the forehead and 

 descends to the eyes. It has two pairs of eyes; the upper pair is slightly open, 

 and contains holes; the lower eyes have large lids, which descend to the line of 

 the nostrils. The mask has a piece of curved wood on one side and a black 

 feather on the other. Length, 11 inches ; width, 5J inches. Eskimo of Askinuk, 

 Alaska. 48700. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 



Dancing mask. Of soft wood; it has a human face in the center, and above it a 

 deep concavity painted red, and ornamented on each side with wooden pegs. 

 On the upper part of the face there is a thin rectangular piece of wood. It has 

 large hands sculptured at the top and bottom. The lower hand has a walrus 

 painted on it. The rest of the face is painted white, and the borders black. 

 There is a little hood on the upper part of the forehead. Length, 26 inches ; 

 width, 10 inches. Eskimo of Norton Sound, Alaska. 33113. Collected by E. 

 W. Nelson. 



It is used in dances to the sound of the drum and of songs relating to a hunt 

 ing or fishing party, or, more usually, to a mystic legend. 



Ceremonial mask. Of wood, of an oval shape. A kind of ridge extends the whole 

 length of the mask, and on either side displays a concavity, painted red and 

 ornamented with wooden pegs. Near the lower edge and extending from right 

 to left it has a cleft of a semicircular shape. There are two holes on either 

 side of the mask. The bottom is painted white, and the edges black and blue. 

 A black feather rises from each side and from the top. Length, 11 inches ; width, 

 7i inches. Eskimo, Askiuuk, Alaska. 48701. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

 It is used at funerals. 



Finger mask. A thin, circular piece of wood, and represents a deformed face. 

 Under the face are two holes to put the ringers in. The mask is festooned with 

 long hair from the reindeer s tail. It is used by placing it before the face in the 

 ceremonial dances. Diameter, exclusive of the fringe, 3 inches. Eskimo of the 

 Lower Kuskoquim River, Alaska. 37896. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 



Dancing mask. Of wood, and has the form of the face of a white man, with black 

 lines on the upper part of the eyes and above the nose. The ears are of separate 

 pieces of wood painted red, and a hide strap hangs from each. A wooden plug 

 is mortised to each side of the chin. The eyes, the nostrils, and the spaces 

 between the teeth are entirely perforated. A feather issues from the forehead 

 and from the side of the left eye. A cord of spruce pine root serves to fasten 

 the mask on the head of the person who wears it. Length, 12 inches; width, 10 

 inches. Eskimo of Norton Sound, Alaska. 33133. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

 It is used in dances to the sound of the drum and songs relating to a hunting 

 or fishing party, or, more usually, .to mystic legends. 



Finger mask. A thin, circular piece of wood, and represents a deformed face. Under 

 the face are two holes for the fingers. The mask is festooned with long hair 

 from a reindeer s tail. It is used by placing it in front of the face in the 

 ceremonial dances. Diameter, exclusive of the fringe, 3 inches. Eskimo of the 

 Lower Kuskoquim, Alaska. 37653. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 



