178 COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 



p es tle. Used for pounding meat which lias been dried in the sun until it is in a con. 

 dition to be pulverized. This pestle is placed in a hide case. Length, 5 inches. 

 Kiowa Indians ( Kiowan stock ), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891- 

 153004. Collected by James Mooney. 



Hammer. The head is of wood; the handle is of hide. It is used for break 

 ing bones, pounding wild cherries, etc. Length of the head, 5 inches; length 

 of the handle, 5| inches. Cheyenne Indians (Algonkian stock), Cheyenne and 

 Arapahoe Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152812. Collected by James 

 Mooney. 



Barbed harpoon and sheath. The shaft is of wood, and is joined to the foreshaft, 

 which is of bone, by a fastening of cord of sinew. The dart is inserted in the 

 bone, and has two barbs cut at the point. The sheath is composed of two exca 

 vated pieces of wood, fastened together by a cord of sinew. Length of the har 

 poon, 13 inches; length of the sheath, 4| inches. Eskimo of Ugashik, Alaska, 

 1885. 127763. Collected by William J. Fisher. 



Spear points (4) and sheath. The shafts are of wood. The blades are of iron, inserted 

 in the handle, and secured by whalebone fastenings. The sheath is of hide. 

 Length, from 15 to 18 inches. Eskimo of Port Clarence, Alaska. 46078. Col 

 lected by Dr. W. H. Dall. 



It is used for killing whales, walrus, etc., after they have been wounded and 

 caught, and also as a dagger. 



Dagger and sheath. The handle is of wood, with a hilt made of a piece of stag horn, 

 which is fastened to the handle with a ligature of hide and sinew. The blade 

 is of copper, and is inserted in the hilt and secured by a rivet. The sheath is 

 composed of two hollow pieces of wood, fastened strongly together by a 

 sewing of seal skin. Length of the dagger, 10 inches; length of the sheath, 

 7f inches. Eskimo of Nunivak Island, Alaska. 16356. Collected by Dr. W. H. 

 Dall. 



Dagger and sheath. The upper part of the handle is of wood, the lower is of stag 

 horn. The blade is of iron and is secured by a rivet. The sheath is composed 

 of two pieces of excavated wood, strongly fastened together by a hide sewing. 

 Length of the handle, 9f inches; length of the blade, 2f inches. Eskimo of 

 Nunivak Island, Alaska. 16360. Collected by Dr. W. H. Dall. 



Spectacles. Made of spruce pine painted red, and the ends rubbed with graphite. 

 The eyepieces are separate and are oval and concave, and have horizontal slits 

 to look through. Ornamented with white and red beads. Length, 7 inches; 

 width, 2 inches. Eskimo of St. Michaels Island, Alaska. 24339. Collected by 

 L. M. Turner. 



The natives use these &quot; goggles&quot; to guard against the blindness produced by 

 the snow and against the ophthalmia caused by the reflection of the sun on the 

 mist which rises from the snow during thaws. 



Spectacles. Made of light wood. They are of a very convex shape, and have no 

 visor. The holes for the eyes are very large, and are probably arranged for 

 placing in them dark-colored lenses. Length, 5| inches; width, 2 inches. 

 Eskimo of St. Lawrence Island, Alaska. 63269. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 



Spectacles. Made of light wood, without a visor. They have a cavity for the nose 

 toward the top and toward the bottom, in order that the apparatus may be used 

 indiscriminately on either side. A simple horizontal cut serves for both eyes; 

 they have no fastening. Length, 5 inches; width, 1 inches. Eskimo of Nor 

 ton Bay, Alaska. 44329. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 



Spectacles. A broad visor characterizes this apparatus. The orifices for sight were 

 at first separate, but the wood having split,, the two halves are joined together 

 by little pegs. The spectacles are of a graceful shape, which permits their being 

 well adjusted to the nose and the cheeks. Length, 6 inches; width, 2J inches. 

 Eskimo of Sledge Island, Alaska. 45075. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 



