COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 191 



Pieces of copper, and rock containing copper. 



Section showing ancient pits and the distribution of lumps of copper. 



Stone hammers and mauls found in a ditch 3 feet wide, crossed by an ancient pit 

 20 feet in diameter and 10 feet deep. 



Section of an ancient pit containing heads of mauls. 



Exhibit of rubbish from an ancient pit containing heads of stone mauls. 



Quarry of sacred stone for pipes (Minnesota) : The quarry of red stone for pipeo 

 is situated in the southwest of Minnesota. In the ancient pits are found many 

 stone hammers and mauls, which are an evidence that this work was performed 

 in prehistoric times. The quarry has been worked uninterruptedly up to the 

 present time, and the Yankton Sioux make a journey of 200 miles every year to 

 work in it. The Indians manufacture and sell pipes, and make a considerable 

 revenue by selling the rough material to the whites, who manufacture many 

 articles of it. The stone slab for pipes is about 12 inches thick, and the work 

 on it requires much time and labor. The collection contains a quantity of pieces 

 of the red stone for pipes, and specimens of the hammers which were used in the 

 prehistoric quarry. 



Fragments found on sites of workshops and dwellings. 



Hammers and mauls which were used in extracting and breaking the pipestone. 



Red quartzite which was used for making hammers, picks, and sharpeners. 



Pipes made of red stone, now in the United States National Museum. All the above 

 materials for the study of the ancient quarries were collected by W. H. Holmes. 



VURKISH HISTORY OF THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA. 



The manuscript is illustrated with colored maps and drawings. 



A third of this manuscript treats of the discovery of America and gives a succinct 

 sketch of the life and voyages of Christopher Columbus from a Moslem point of 

 view. Certain political events give rise to the suppositior that this manuscript 

 was written in A. H. 977; that is to say, in 1569-70 A. D. The work was printed in 

 Constantinople in 1730. A copy of it exists in the library of the School of Oriental 

 Living Languages at Paris and another in the Hodgson collection of the United 

 States National Museum, Washington, D. C. Collected at Constantinople in 1891, 

 and exhibited by Dr. Cyrus Adler, United States National Museum. 



DRAWINGS. 



I. (F. 17.) The tree &quot; wak wak,&quot; with women instead of fruit. Discovered in an 



island of the Bay of Bengal. 

 II. (F. 45.) Manati, or sea cow, found in the West Indies. 



III. Mauatis, or sea cows, of Darien (F. 55) ; probably tapirs. 



IV. The &quot;man fish,&quot; found in Tobago. (F. 57.) 



V. Birds of the Moluccas, whose flesh is supposed to possess medicinal virtues 



when prepared with spice and cinnamon. 

 VI. Duck, black swan, and monster pelican (F. 65 op.), which &quot; swallows three 



babies at one gulp.&quot; 

 VII. The cochineal cactus. 



VIII. Wild bull and stag of America. (F. 86 op.) 

 IX. The city of Potosi and its mountains of silver. 



X. Jaguar, ant-bear, and a rare animal which has a natural seat on its body. 

 XI. A sloth, resting on the trunk of a tree, and a maritacaca, with its young. 

 XII; The cacao (F. 104). &quot; Cures almost all diseases. 7 

 XIII. Various trees of the New World. 



