COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 



199 



78. Flaked stone. 



79. Flaked implements : Warren County. 



80. Three implements. 



81. Seven flaked implements. 



82. Three spearheads. 



83. Spearhead: Hardin County. 



84. Spearhead: Flint Ridge. 



85. Thirteen spearheads. 



86. Spearhead: Warren County. 



87. Spearhead. 



88. Spearhead : Allen County. 



89. Six spearheads. 



90. Two spearheads : Chillicothe. 



91. Seven spearheads. 



92. Sixteen arrowheads. 



93. Six arrowheads: Blennerhasset 



Island. 



94. Twelve arrowheads. 



95. Awl: Pike County. 



96. Two awls : Warren County. 



97. Three awls. 



98. Seinilunar knife. 



99. Thirteen scrapers. 



100. Scraper: Brown County. 



101. Three scrapers. 



FLINT RIDGE, LICKING COUNTY, OHIO. 

 CASE VI. 



From the chert quarries of Flint Ridge, Licking County, Ohio, the Indians of the 

 adjacent country obtained the materials for their chipped implements. The deposit 

 lies between the cities of Newark and Zanesville, and forms a ridge of rock 10 miles 

 in length. The ridge displays on all sides the trenches and pits made by the ancient 

 quarriers. 



The quality of the stone varies, and is principally of three kinds: Chert, jasper, 

 and chalcedony. Specimens of these various stones, in worked condition, have 

 been found in the States of Indiana, Kentucky, at the source of the Kanawha 

 River, and in the Allegheny River, near the boundary of the State of New York. 

 Many objects of this stone have also been found in mounds widely distributed. 



It is thought that tbe Indians first removed the upper covering of earth, which is, 

 in many places, 9 or 10 feet deep, and on reaching the flint made a large fire on the 

 rock, in order that the heat might crack it, and they then probably threw water on 

 it to expedite the work. 



Large quantities of flakes, broken arrowheads, knives, etc., found in the vicinity 

 of Flint Ridge, give reason for the belief that the greater part of the materials 

 were worked in the quarry itself; but fragments found at great distances, some 

 times a hundred miles or more from the quarries, indicate that, after diminishing 

 the weight of the blocks by chipping them hastily, they carried them away to give 

 them suitable form. 



The quarrier, to shape his block, knocked off flakes with a stone hammer, hun 

 dreds of which of different sizes are found scattered over the country. 



1. Fourteen stone hammers of various sizes. 



2. Two large masses of flint. 



3. Twenty-one masses of flint, partly flaked. 



4. Twenty-three flaked flints worked in the quarry, more or less imperfectly, and 



commonly designated as &quot; blanks&quot; or leaf-shaped blades. 



5. Nine spearheads. 



6. Twenty-four spearheads or knives. 



7. Five knives. 



8. One hundred and one arrowheads. 



9. Forty-two scrapers. 



10. Eleven awls. 



11. One hundred and thirty-six small flakes. 



12. Flint cores from which knives have been flaked. 



13. Twelve large flakes. 



