COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 287 



49. Slat with painting representing lightning. It is used in the ceremonies to imitate 



the whistling of the wind and the rolling of the thunder. They are also used 

 to prevent the curious from intruding where some ceremony is being performed. 

 The whizzing of this slat resembles that of the wind and is connected with 

 the invocations to the winds. 



50. Seven rattles, carried by the Ka-tci-nas in the sacred dances. They are of gourd, 



with symbolic signs. All these symbols are of great interest, the cloud, the 

 &quot;O-mou-uh&quot; with the rain, and the swastic cross deserving special mention. 

 These rattles consist of a gourd with a wooden handle, and contain grains of 

 corn or pebbles. Those who take part in the dance carry them in their hands, 

 and shake them in unison with their singing. They are also made of clay, and 

 many clay ladles contain pebbles in their handles, and can therefore serve as 

 timbrels. 



51. Original mask worn by the &quot; Ka-tci-na- wu-pa-mo&quot; in sacred dances. This is the 



chief of the Ka-tci-nas, and takes part in the December festivals. 



52. Mask worn by the priests who represent women in the sacred dances. The red 



hair above the eyes reproduces an ancient coiifure, now oboolete. The Ka-tci- 

 na-ma-nas or Ka-tci-nas (virgins) appear with similar masks in all the dances 

 which take place from December to July. 



53. Head ornament worn by the members of the Brotherhood of the &quot;Horn,&quot; in the 



ceremony of lighting the new fire which is celebrated in November. 



54. Gourd horns worn on the head by the priests of the congregation called the 



Kwa-k wan-ti. &quot; 



55. Very ancient helmet or mask, which was used in the sacred dances. The hel 



met was formerly of bison hide, but is now usually of any kind of leather, 

 there being many made of leather from Spanish saddles. The high part rep 

 resents the rainbow. The paintings of the head are symbolical, and vary 

 according to the dances. Those who wear these helmets personify gods, and 

 form a choir in the sacred dances. The appendage which the helmet has on 

 the left side represents the flower of the gourd. 



56. Board which is worn on the head in the corn dance, Ka-tci-na (Sio-hu-mis-ka- 



tci-na). The symbols which it bears are those of the cloud, the rainbow, the 

 growing corn, and the blossom of the sunflower. The adjoining slab is called 

 nak-tci, and represents a cloud. 



57. Buckskin disk, on which are painted the moon and a star, which is placed near 



the altar in the religious ceremonies. 



58. Primitive musical instruments which were used in the sacred dances. The sticks, 



with notches on them, are placed on a dry, hollow gourd, and are rubbed with 

 the adjoining bone, a sound produced by the friction being obtained as the 

 result. This music has to be in unison with the dancing, and is played by the 

 men who represent women in the dances. 



59. Tortoise shell rattles with small sheep hoofs attached to them. They are tied 



on the left calf below the knee, and by the movement of the leg produce a 

 sound in unison with the songs of the dancers. 



60. Tortoise shell rattle resembling the preceding, with the sheep hoofs outside. 



61. Headband of a chief in the sacred dance. 



62. Bands with symbolic pictures of clouds, which the Ka-tci-nas wear on their heels 



in the sacred dances. 



WOODEN FIGURINES. 



These figurines of the Ho-pi Indians are images of the gods of mythology, and 

 represent, with greater or less exactness, the personages who take part in the cere 

 monies. Each one typifies some divinity or is the reproduction of some one of the 

 fetiches used in various rites. They are made of cottonwood, and are given to the 

 girls at the celebration of the Niman or farewell Ka-tci-na. The girls treat them as 

 dolls. They are never regarded as fetiches or idols and are never worshipped. Each 



