290 COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 



the cloud gods, O-mow-uh, and of the four cardinal points. The four colored 

 darts on the upper side are the four lightning snakes. Two of them are 

 males and two females, as shown by the model. The parallel lines outside 

 of the picture represent the rain. 



The mosaic on the right is called the house of the serpents. It is made on 

 the floor of the estufa of the serpents, immediately before washing those 

 animals, which are placed on it to dry. The figure in the center of the mosaic 

 is the mountain lion. The red line which runs from the heart to the mouth 

 is the line of respiration or of life. 



106-113. Altar of sorcery of the cloud, similar to those which are made at all the 

 religious festivals, to prepare the offerings which are made to the cardinal 

 points, north, west, south, east, up, and down. The chief priest prepares 

 this altar on the floor of the estufa or kib-va, in the following manner: 



A regular heap of fine valley sand is first sifted on the ground. After 

 wards six lines are traced with sacred meal, intersecting each other at the 

 same center. One corresponds to the north-south line, another to the east- 

 west, the third to that of up and do^ n. The medicine jar is deposited at the 

 point of intersection of these lines, and at the end of each line of meal is 

 laid an ear of corn of the color corresponding to the direction : To the north, 

 yellow; to the west, green or blue; to the south, red; to the east, white; up, 

 black ; down, spotted. Over each ear of corn is placed a pebble or rock crys 

 tal ; on each side, a small bunch of feathers. During the preparation of the 

 magic medicine, which is very complicated, the traditional songs are sung. 



106. The rectangular jar in which the medicine is mixed. The ornaments on the 



four sides, forming terraces which represent the clouds, which are also painted 

 on the inside. The parallel lines represent the rain. Frog figure in its middle 

 round about; which, in the regular circle, is a row of figures representing 

 tadpoles. These are also represented under the rain on each side, and dragon 

 flies in the corners, on each side of which are emblems of the rain. The rain 

 festivals are among the most important that the Indians of Tusayan now 

 celebrate, since the region which they inhabit is very dry, and because it 

 rains little or not at all there in summer. 



107. Ancient jar for salt in the religious rites. 



108. Receptacle for sacred meal in the religious rites. This meal is used in all the 



ceremonies as an offering to the gods. 



109. Corn, sprinkler, lightning stone of the cardinal points. The color of the corn 



corresponds to the direction. The sprinkler serves to sprinkle with medi 

 cine the offerings which are made to the cardinal points. 



110. Rattle which serves to accompany the traditional singing during the incanta 



tion. These rattles and other similar ones are used in all the religious rites. 



111. Sacred meal. It is used in all the rit-38 to sprinkle the offerings, the faces of the 



men when they personify gods, at the altar, and to throw toward the rising 

 sun. It is customary to anoint the faces of the novices when they are about 

 to enter the priesthood, those of the children when they are consecrated to 

 the sun, and the bodies of the dead. Its use is not omitted in any religious 

 rite. It is prepared from corn with great care, and is regarded as sacred. 



112. Ancient jar for sacred meal. It has butterflies painted on the outside, they 



being associated with the summer and the ripening of the corn. 



113. Different kinds of native corn of the color characteristic of the god of each 



direction. Corn of various colors is very common in the fields of the Indians 

 of Tusayan. In the diagram is seen the arrangement of the altar of the 

 incantation of the cloud, and some of the articles which are used to perform 

 that incantation. The colors of the corn indicate the directions of the cardi 

 nal points. This altar is identical with that which is made in August at the 

 ceremony which precedes the serpent dance. 



