358 



COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 



and a bail, apparently imitating an iron pot (tig. 44). Another similar 

 one from the department of Tolma has two Ings and the upper surface 

 covered over, except a small circular opening (fig. 45). 



Fig. 44. 



VESSEL WITH BAIL. 

 Chibi-has, Colombia. 



Fig. 45. 

 COVERED VESSEL, WITH LUGS. 



Tohma, Colombia. 



Double bottles and other forms resembling the Peruvian whistling 

 jars are found in Colombia. 



THE POTTERY OF ECUADOR. 



The pottery of Ecuador shows a great variety of remarkably grace 

 ful esthetic forms, being superior to that of any other country exhibiting 

 in Madrid. This is in harmony with what is known of the civilization 

 of Ecuador at the Conquest and previously, the culture status being 

 perhaps superior to that of any South American country. Antonio 

 Flores, the historian, believes that the civilization of Peru had its origin 

 in Ecuador. 



The paste in the common forms of Ecuador pottery is tempered with 

 a large admixture of coarse sand, the ware on the broken edges resem 

 bling stone. In the better ware the paste is mixed Avith fine, micaceous 

 sand. In general, the ware is dark brown or black, very thin, and well 

 made. 



In the finished product there is slight opportunity to ascertain the 

 method of construction. There is little doubt that the method of coil 

 ing, so widely known in North and South America, was pursued in 

 making the larger vessels. Some of the images show distinctly the 

 marks of the molds like those of Peru, and the heads were made sep 

 arately and luted upon the body, as were the handles and relief orna 

 ments of the vessels. 



In the main, Ecuador pottery has the dark lustrous finish, due to 

 smoothing stones passed .over the surface after the ware has become 

 partially dry. A number of pieces, however, have a natural biscuit 

 surface and remarkably thin. The Ibarra ware has a rich Samian red 

 and is smoothly burnished. 



