376 COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 



S. P. Leland (Smithsonian Report, 1887, part 1), about 1850, saw 

 Indians, unnamed, flaking hornstone by pressing down on itwith pebbles 

 about 5 inches broad and G long, heated in the fire. 



Discussion of the above interesting accounts seems out of place 

 until we have more satisfactorily verified them by experiment. Suffice 

 it here to note, that all, with two exceptions, refer to flaking with a bone 

 punch either by directly pressing on it or by hammering it while held 

 against the stone. 



As all seem to refer to the making of comparatively small arrow 

 heads, and hence to the producing of flakes none of which probably 



Fig. 7. 



CHIPPED BLADES GLUED IN WOODEN HANDLES BY INDIANS OF THE WEST COAST OP THE UNITED STATES. 

 Found preserved in the dry burial places and caves of California. Collection of the National Museum. 



needed to be over half an inch long, we must turn elsewhere for sug 

 gestions as to the formidable flakes from Mexico and the large, thin, 

 leaf- shaped blade. 



THE LARGE THIN LEAF-SHAPED BLADE. 



We find these large blades (see fig. 9) beautifully chipped of obsid 

 ian and flint in the Mexican exhibit, in the Hemenway collection; and 

 in the exhibits of the Argentine Eepublic, Guatemala, Nicaragua, and 

 Costa Kica. 



They are found throughout the United States, as the Smithsonian and 

 University of Pennsylvania specimens show. Case 13 of the National 

 Museum exhibits an interesting series of them (fig. 7, National Museum 



