124 Feather stonhaugh s Geological Report. 



build their nests) peep out and give the general line of the 

 river a castellated appearance. Upon the face of these white 

 sandstone beds, figures of deer, men, and horses, have been 

 painted in red, after their manner, by the Indians. The islands 

 in the river are very numerous, as well as the sandbars, which 

 sometimes scarcely admit of the passage of a canoe in a low 

 state of the water, and several extensive prairies are passed. 

 Below Pine river, which comes in west of Helena, on the right 

 bank, limestone is found in place on the sandstone, and in 

 creases in thickness towards the Mississippi. Mineral blos 

 som, as it is called, or mamillary quartz, siliceous matter 

 coating the cherty limestone in chalcedonic layers, barytes, 

 and other indications, announce the vicinity of the galenifer- 

 ous rocks. Frequent indications also of carbonate of copper 

 are found, of which the veins show themselves on the south 

 side of the Wisconsin, in the neighborhood of Mineral point. 

 On reaching the mouth of the Wisconsin, and reviewing the 

 appearances presented by the country left behind, it becomes 

 apparent that evidences of a great aqueous movement are con 

 stant along the whole line from Michilimackinac to the Missis 

 sippi, the extent and direction of which cannot be reasoned 

 upon until the whole area lying between the Wisconsin and 

 Lake Superior is examined. At Michilimackinac the calca 

 reous strata, which are analagous to those on the Wis 

 consin, are broken up into brecciated masses. The islands in 

 the vicinity of Green bay are the remains of sandstone beds 

 once continuous through the country, and overlying the beds 

 of carboniferous limestone nearNavarino and at Kahkawning. 

 On rising the country to the Apackquay lake, the incoherent 

 sandstone appears to have been broken down to form the 

 present loose sandy soil of the adjacent country. There is, 

 upon the whole, reason to believe that the denuding forces 

 w hich acted when the general water-level was lowered, and 

 which probably brought the primary boulders from the north 

 west, (found all the way from Beaver river on the Ohio,) 



