THE HOUSE AND ITS EQUIPMENT. 



at Hampton Court. But garden expansion and the 

 worthiest forms of ornament did not come at once, 

 for we read of much that was meretricious, such as 

 an abundance of painted woodwork, painted wooden 

 figures of heraldic animals, and, still worse, gilt bird 

 cages and objects of coloured glass. Still, it is a 

 matter for regret that no one example of this manner of 

 gardening should remain to us, such as this garden of 

 Hampton Court as laid out by King Henry VIII. after 

 the fall of Cardinal \Volsey, or the King s next 

 enterprise of the same nature the creation of the 

 palace and garden of Nonesuch. One of the orna 

 mental features of these Tudor gardens \vas the 

 &quot; knotted &quot; garden, a compact space laid out in a 



s y m met 

 rical d e - 

 s i g n , 

 w hose 

 charact e r 

 was not 

 unlike 

 that of the 

 e 1 aborate 

 br a i d e d 

 and cor 

 ded work 

 o n t h e 

 full -dress 

 clot h i ng 

 of t h e 

 day. That 

 curious 

 and per- 

 ]) 1 e \ i ng 

 toy, the 

 maze, was 

 also usual, 

 both this 

 and the 

 &quot; knotted ! 





15.2. AT HAKTHAM PARK 



153. PAN&quot; AT ROUSHAM. 



garden being outlined with edgings of tufted 

 herbs or plants of sub-shrubby growth, such as thyme, 

 dwarf box, hyssop, lavender, rosemary and lavender- 

 cotton, though frequently the maze was of clipped trees 

 six to seven feet high, in which case its walls were usually of 

 yew or hornbeam. But in what remains to us in existence 

 or record of these Tudor gardens there is still a slight feeling 

 of cramped space there is not yet perfect freedom. That 

 was to follow later, as the outcome of influences from 

 Southern Europe. Hitherto no distinct style of archi 

 tecture had been known in England other than the 

 Gothic, some of whose structural ornamental developments 

 were carried further in our country than in any other of 

 Northern Europe. 



But that extraordinary revival of learning and new 

 life in the fine arts that we know as the Italian Renais 

 sance, whose dawning was in the end of the thirteenth 

 century, and whose noontide was towards the close of 

 the fifteenth. century, was destined to extend its influences 

 to the gardens of England. Meanwhile, one of its 

 conspicuous effects in Italy was the building of 

 stately villas, the term &quot; villa &quot; comprehending both house 



