US1-1S OF REINFORCED CONVRKTH. 



207 



2.;-]. ITI.VKKTS. 



construction ot a dipping-trough and pens with a long, sloping stairway, with concrete xrips tor 



the l i.t t of the sheep on their wav into the drainiug-pen. The latter had a concrete floor sloping towards 



the trough. Thus, as the sheep shook the fluid out of their fleece-, it found its wav hack into the tank 



with very little loss. 



Reinforced concrete is particularly useful in the construction of stahles and mangers. The stable 



picture (l &quot;ig. 2\2) shows a range of stalls for horses in a large stable block, itself constructed throughout in 



reinforced concrete. The beams and floor slabs of this 



material are seen at the top of the view. The divisions of 



the i-talls are of concrete two and a-half inches thick, 



reinforced with steel rods which run into the cast-iron 



posts, which in turn are set in bases embedded in the 



concrete floor. The floor is finished in granite clippings 



and cement, and grooved to prevent slipping. These 



stables have been in use for a number of years without 



damage from kicking horses. 



The range of cattle-mangers and stall-divisions 



illustrated was constructed in reinforced concrete at Hur- 



derop Park. Swindon (Fig. 2.51). It is worth noting that 



the building shown was destroyed by fire in November, 



!&amp;lt;)(&amp;gt;&amp;lt;), yet the whole of the reinforced concrete work 



remained in position, and did not even need repair when 



a new structure was built. In the reconstructed building 



concrete was used throughout for the walls, manners, 



partitions and water-troughs, both the original mangers 



and the cattle-sheds being reinforced with steel bars. 



There is an interesting application of reinforced concrete in the construction of fences and fence- 

 posts. Wooden fence-posts have been almost univeisal in the past, but they are subject to decay and do 



not withstand the effects of water, frost or tire. Iron posts art- frequently used, but they are subject 



to corrosion and need painting from time to time, thus entailing a continual expense tor upkeep. 



Reinforced concrete has been found to meet all requirements and to be a very inexpensive substitute. 



The posts are easily moulded to any form and reinforced to ensure any desired strength. 



Another application to estate purposes is the building of retaining walls to hold up earth where 



excavated, or to retain materials in a bin or some similar position. The old-fashioned \\.iy ol building 



such walls in brick or stone was not economical because it required a great bulk. A retaining wall in course 



of construction is illustrated in Fig. 2.} 5. The wall is seen to be reinforced with sheets of expanded 



steel. In ornamental gardens where appearance is of importance such a concrete wall can be laced 



with brick or stone. 



Retaining walls are often required in sunken tanks, which may at some time be empty, though 



when they are full the water counteracts the thrust of the earth. The view of a circular-covered 



reservoir at Horsley Park, constructed in concrete reinforced with sheets of expanded steel, show; 



an interesting work, for which Messrs. A. M. Mackeu/.ie and Sou were the architects (Fig. 2.55). 



Of a similar nature is a wall to 

 hold up water, such as a dam or tin- 

 sides of a tank raised above the 

 ground. By the adoption of reinforced 

 concrete considerable economy may be 

 effected. Ou rocky hillsides, too, it 

 would be costly to excavate the ground 

 for a tank, an unnecessary course when 

 a tank can be built in reinforced 

 concrete quite capable of withstanding 

 the pressure from any head of water. 



Storage cisterns and wells may 

 be lined with reinforced concrete, while 

 elevated water - tanks of reinlorceu 

 concrete have been built to a great 

 height and in all sizes, one of tin- 

 largest in this country containing three 

 hundred thousand gallons. In connec 

 tion with estate roads works, reinforced 

 235. RESERVOIRS. concrete culverts have come into general 



