TABLE OF CONTENTS. IX 



CHAP, n.- -PRIMARY ELEMENTS OF ORGANIC STRUCTURE 223 



1 1. The Vegetable Cell .223 



$2. Vegetable Tissues 233 



^AP. HI. VEGETATIVE ORGANS 234 



1. The Root 234 



Spongioles, Root Cap 23? 



Offices of Root 2:5: 



Delicacy of Structure..) 23! 



Apparent Search for Food 211 



Root-hairs 243 



Contact of Roots with Soil 2 1 j 



Absorption by Root.. 218 



Soil Roots, Water Roots, Air Roots iVi 



Excretions 253 



f 2. The Stem 200 



Buds 201 



Layers, Tillering 204 



Root-Stocks 20.1 



Tubers 200 



Structure of the Stem 207 



Endogenous Plants 20-s 



Exogenous &quot; 273 



Sieve-cells 2SO 



3. Leaves 283 



Leaf Pores 285 



Exhalation of Water Vapor 287 



Offices of Foliage 290 



CHAP. IV. REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS 291 



1. The Flower 291 



Fertilization 294 



Hybridizing 295 



Darwin s Hypothesis 293 



2. Fruit 3M 



Seed 302 



Endosperm 302 



Embryo 302 



3. Vitality of seeds and their influence on the Plants they produce.305 



Duration of Vitality 305 



Use of old. unripe and light fceeds 307 



Church s Experiments on Seed Wheat 308 



DIVISION III. LIFE OF THE PLANT. 



CHAP. I. GERMINATION 310 



1. Introductory 310 



2. Phenomena of Germination 311 



3. Conditions of Germination 312 



Proper Depth of Sowing 310 



4. Chemical Physiology of Germination 318 



Chemistry of Malt 319 



CHAP. II. 1. Food of the Plant when independent of the Seed 327 



2. The Juices of the Plant. Their Nature and Movements 330 



Flow of Sap 331 



Bleeding 332 



Composition of Sap .337 



Kinds of Sap 338 



Motion of Nutrient Matters 310 



3. Causes of Motion of the Juices 340 



Porosity of Tissues 340 



Imbibition 310 



Capillary Attraction ;&amp;gt; ! i 



^iquid Diffusion 3&amp;gt;1 



Osmose or Membrane Diffusion :jf&amp;gt;l 



Root Action :j\\ i 



Selective Power of Plant 302 



| 4. Mechanical EtlVcts of Osmose; 3(58 



5. Direction of Vegetable Growth .370 



APPENDIX. TABLES. 

 TABLE I. Composition of the Ash of Agrlcaifl Plants aiid Products. Average 9. 378 



