CHAP. V.] DUTY AND PLEASUEE. 115 



be less severe, and the strong [virtue] will be triumphant &quot; 

 (vol. i. p. 104). 



As to past generations, Mr. Darwin tells us (vol. i. p. 166) 

 that at all times throughout the world tribes have sup 

 planted other tribes ; and as social acts are an element in 

 their success, sociality must have been intensified, and this 

 because &quot;an increase in the number of well-endowed men 

 will certainly give an immense advantage to one tribe over 

 another.&quot; No doubt ! but this only explains an augmenta 

 tion of mutually beneficial actions. It does not in the least 

 even tend to explain how the moral judgment was first 

 formed. 



Our author again and again uses words, which are only 

 explicable on the intuitive view, as if they required no ex 

 planation whatever. Tims (vol. i. p. 101) he speaks of a 

 certain virtue as being &quot; one of the noblest with which man is 

 endowed,&quot; and says that &quot; the highest stage in moral culture 

 at which we can arrive is when we recognise that we ought to 

 control our thoughts.&quot;* But, according to Mr. Darwin, the 

 moral sense is the predominance of one instinct over another 

 in intensity or duration. Here there is no room for any 

 element of quality, and for him to introduce such is, in fact, 

 to abandon his position. In the words of Mr. Grote (p. 83) 

 &quot; What is it, then, that thus, distinct from duration and 

 intensity of enjoyment, makes one sort of happiness more 

 desirable, worthier, worth more than another ? .... it is a 

 third dimension of happiness besides intensity and duration, 

 and far the most important of the three.&quot; And again (p. 

 125) &quot; When we find such language .... in the mouths 

 of impugners of a supposed intuitivist philosophy, we are at 

 first probably led to think whether such a philosophy be not 

 what expellas furca, tamen usque recurret . . . . and .... 

 we may conclude that we cannot write many consecutive 

 words upon a moral subject without involving a higher 

 philosophy.&quot; 



* Mr. Darwin quotes Marcus Aurelius ; he might have quoted an older and 

 more venerable authority. 



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