CHAP. VI.] MAN. 133 



Language and morals have been already considered in the 

 two preceding chapters, but before passing to the third 

 subject-matter above enumerated, it may be well to refer 

 to some further unprejudiced testimonies to the unity of 

 human reason generally, as exhibited in widely different 

 races. And here Mr. Tylor may again be cited with advan 

 tage. He expresses himself* thus: &quot;We come Pre ii m inary 

 back to the fact, so full of suggestion, that the note 

 languages of the world represent substantially the same 

 intellectual art, the higher nations indeed gaining more ex 

 pressive power than the lowest tribes, yet doing this not by 

 introducing new and more effective central principles, but 

 by mere addition and improvement in detail.&quot; Speaking of 

 the native proverbs of Fernando Po, he tells us,t &quot;There 

 are hundreds at about as high an intellectual level as those 

 of Europe,&quot; and he cites examples. We have said that we 

 mean by language, not emotional expressions, but the enun 

 ciations of judgments concerning &quot; the what,&quot; &quot; the hoiv&quot; 

 and &quot; the why&quot; Mr. Tylor s verdict as to the result of the 

 application of this test to the expressions of savages is 

 sufficiently distinct. He says : $ 



&quot; Man s craving to know the causes at work in each event he witnesses, 

 the reasons why each state of things he surveys is such as it is and no 

 other, is no product of high civilisation, but a characteristic of his race 

 down to its lowest stage. Among rude savages it is already an intel 

 lectual appetite whose satisfaction claims many of the moments not 

 engrossed by war or sport, food or sleep.&quot; 



This decisive judgment may yet be reinforced by some 

 very distinct admissions, for which we have to thank Mr. 

 Darwin himself: 



&quot; The Fuegians rank amongst the lowest barbarians ; but I was con 

 tinually struck with surprise how closely the three natives on board 

 H.M.S. Beagle/ who had lived some years in England and could talk 

 a little English, resembled us in disposition, and in most of our mental 

 qualities.&quot; 



* Primitive Culture, vol. i. p. 216. t Ibid. vol. i. p. 80. 



t Ibid. vol. i.. p. 332. The italics are ourw. 

 Voyage of the &quot; Beagle, vol. i. p. 34. 



