CHAP. VI. j MAN. 171 



may be similarly excluded, as also those in which the cerebral 

 structure is of manifest inferiority. There remains, then, 

 only the carnivorous, or flesh-eating brutes (lions, bears, 

 wolves, &c.) to compete with the order of apes and lemurs 

 for the dignity of furnishing the type of the animal rationale. 

 The manifest superiority for such a purpose of the latter 

 group over the carnivora must be manifest to any one who 

 considers the subject. Then we are landed at once in the 

 order Primates. 



But which forms of that order might we expect the rational 

 animal to resemble ? Surely not those which by their small 

 cerebral development as well as by a variety of other charac 

 ters manifest their close affinity to groups which we have 

 found reason to reject. One almost necessary character for 

 the animal in question, namely, an upright posture, to set one 

 pair of limbs free to minister to the teeming brain, at once 

 determines that he shall resemble those apes which approxi 

 mate towards a vertical attitude ; in other words, that he shall 

 resemble what we call an anthropoid ape. But Man s resem- 



. i blunce to 



though man does resemble such anthropoid apes apes. 

 more closely than such apes resemble the lowest forms of the 

 order, and though his zoological rank is merely that of a 

 family, nevertheless he does not predominantly resemble any 

 one of them. Thus some of the lower apes resemble man 

 more than they do the anthropoid ones in the length of the 

 arm and hand compared with that of the spine ; while in the 

 length of the leg without the foot, compared with that of the 

 arm without the hand, he is equalled only by certain lemurs. 

 The baboons (the lowest of the group of apes of that family 

 which stands next to man) exceed all the higher apes in 

 resemblance to man, in the sigmoid curvature of the spine ; 

 in the angle formed by the sacrum with the spine ; in the con 

 cavity of the visceral surface of the sacrum ; in the convexity 

 of the bones of the nose ; in the development of the styloid 

 process ; in the transverse breadth of the pelvis compared 

 with its depth ; in the greater descent of the inner condyle 

 of the thigh-bone ; in the length of the foot compared with 



