CHAP. VII.] THE BRUTE. 197 



cognise ourselves as actually possessing, or as having pos 

 sessed in the past, or as likely to possess in the future. 

 Either of these may exist without the other. That the 

 passive memory may so exist is obvious, but that the 

 second may be alone present is proved by that most remark 

 able fact that we may search our minds for something which 

 we know we have fully remembered, and which we think we 

 shall probably fully remember again ; which at present we 

 cannot imagine, but which we intellectually remember, and 

 immediately recognise as the object of our intellectual pur 

 suit as soon as its image presents itself in our imagination. 



Bearing in mind the lessons as to self-consciousness, reason, 

 memorv, will, and language, gathered from intro- List of the 



&quot; T i min( l s higher 



spection and observation in the earlier chapters, it powers. 

 seems undeniable that we severally possess the following 

 powers : 



1 . A power of directly perceiving and reflecting upon our 



continued personal activity and existence sensations 

 and perceptions being reflected on by thought and 

 recognised as our. own, and we ourselves being recog 

 nised as affected and perceiving self -consciousness. 



2. A power of actively recalling passed thoughts or expe 



riences intellectual memory. 



3. A power of reflecting upon our sensations and per 



ceptions, and asking what they are and why they are; 

 of apprehending abstract ideas ; of perceiving truth 

 directly or by ratiocination and also goodness reason. 



4. A power of, on certain occasions, deliberately electing 



to act either with, or in opposition to, the apparent 

 resultant of involuntary attractions and repulsions 

 will. 



5. A power of giving expression by signs to general con 



ceptions and abstract ideas ; a power of enunciating 

 deliberate judgments by articulate sounds language. 

 These powers result in actions which are deliberate opera 

 tions implying the use of a self-conscious, reflective, repre 

 sentative faculty. 



