CHAP. VII.] THE BRUTE. 203 



those successively placed higher up. How could the mother 

 learn by Eeason to construct such a nest, or the young so 

 learn to escape from it ? 



Thus, then, both by what it can do, and by what it cannot, 

 Instinct exhibits its fundamental distinctness from Keason. 

 But, indeed, there is no difficulty in quoting from our best- 

 known evolutionists the most striking declarations as to the 

 wide difference between the highest psychical faculties of 

 men and brutes. Thus, even Mr. Darwin is con- Mr. Herbert 

 strained to admit,* that there is no doubt,&quot; but missions? ad 

 that the difference is &quot;enormous.&quot; Mr. Herbert Spencer 

 also makes some noteworthy admissions. He remarks, e.g., 

 as to 



&quot; birds that fly from inland to the seaside to feed when the tide is 



out, and cattle that return to the farmyard at milking-time 



Even here there is not a purely intelligent adjustment of inner to 

 outer sequences, for creatures accustomed to eat or to be milked at 

 regular intervals come to have recurrences of constitutional states, and 

 the sensations accompanying these states form the proximate stimuli 

 to their acts.&quot; Psychology, vol. i. pp. 323, 32i. 



And, again, he says : 



&quot; It is anatomically demonstrable that the pairing and nidification of 

 birds in the spring is preceded by constitutional changes which are 

 probably produced by more food and higher temperature. And it is a 

 rational inference that the whole series of processes in the rearing of a 

 brood are severally gone through, not with any recognition of remote 

 ends, but solely made under the stimulus of conditions continuously 

 present.&quot; 



Also he admits that we find this 



&quot; higher order of correspondence in time, scarcely more than fore 

 shadowed among the Idyht-r animals, and definitely exhibited only 

 when we arrive at the human race.&quot; 



And, again : 



&quot; Only when we come to the human race are correspondences of this 

 degree of speciality exhibited with distinctness and frequency.&quot; Op. 

 tit. p. 338. 



* Descent of Man, vol. ii. p. 34. 



