CHAP. VII.] TEE BRUTE. 209 



term social &quot; in one sense, it may easily be afterwards 

 employed in the other meaning, and thus the conception 

 of &quot; moral action &quot; may be silently and illegitimately intro 

 duced when describing the habits of animals. 



Speaking of the actions of gregarious animals, Mr. Darwin 

 remarks that their feelings and services are by no means 

 extended to all the individuals of the same species, only to 

 those of the same association. But Mr. Gralton has shown* 

 by evidence that direct services are not extended even to 

 members of the same troop or herd. 



We come now to Mr. Darwin s instances of brute ration 

 ality. In the first place he tells us : AS to brute 



rationality. 



&quot; I had a dog who was savage and averse to all strangers, and I pur 

 posely tried his memory after an absence of five years and two days. 

 I went near the stable where he lived, and shouted to him in my old 

 manner ; he showed no joy, but instantly followed me out walking and 

 obeyed me, exactly as if I had parted with him only half an hour before. 

 A train of old associations, dormant during five years, had thus been 

 instantaneously awakened in his mind.&quot; vol. i. p. 45. 



No doubt ! but this is not &quot; reason.&quot; Indeed, we could 

 hardly have a better instance of the mere action of associated 

 sensible impressions. What have we here which implies 

 more than memory, impressions of sensible objects and their 

 association ? Had there been reason there would have been 

 signs of joy and wonder, though such signs would not alone 

 prove reason to exist. It is evident that Mr. Darwin s own 

 explanation is the sufficient one namely, a train of asso 

 ciated sensible impressions. Mr. Darwin surely cannot think 

 that there is in this case any evidence of the dog s having 

 put to himself those questions which, under the circum 

 stances, a rational being would put. Mr. Darwin also tells 

 us how a monkey-trainer gave up in despair monkeys the 

 attention of which was easily distracted from his teaching, 

 while &quot;a monkey which carefully attended to him could 

 always&quot; be trained.&quot; But &quot; attention &quot; does not imply 



* See Macmillan s Magazine for March 1871. 



