CHAP. VII.] THE BKUTE. 219 



makes* the highly important and suggestive addition 

 that &quot;between animal and human intelligence there is a 

 gap, which can only be bridged over by an addition from 

 without&quot; 



He alsof remarks: &quot;The animal thinks, but only in 

 sensations and images, not in abstractions and symbols. The 

 animal perceives no object, no causal nexus, not being 

 able to form such abstractions from his feelings.&quot; 



It may be remarked, by the way, that it is a strange and 

 misleading abuse of language to speak of &quot;thinking in 

 sensations;&quot; one might as well use the phrase &quot;talking in 

 respirations.&quot; 



Finally he tells us :J &quot; The animal world is a continuum 

 of smells, sights, touches, tastes, pains, and pleasures ; it has 

 no objects, no laws, no distinguishable abstractions such as 

 Self and Not-self. This world we can never understand, 

 except in such dim guesses as we can form respecting the 

 experiences of those born blind, guesses that are always 

 vitiated by the fact that we cannot help seeing what we try 



to imagine them as only touching If we see a bud, 



after we have learned that it is a bud, there is always a 

 glance forward at the flower, and backward glances at the 

 seed, dimly associated with the perception. But what animal 

 sees such things ? What animal sees a bud at all, except as 

 a visual sign of some other sensation ? &quot; 



Surely Hegel was far more right than his critic, Mr. Lewes, 

 in distinguishing human feeling from animal feeling, on the 

 ground that thought is immanent in the former and not in 

 the latter. 



But long ago the world-renowned physiologist, John 

 Miiller, clearly laid down such distinctions, saying that 

 brutes may easily enough form associations between sensible 

 perceptions, but that to form abstract conceptions 



John Muller. 



of such operations as of something common to 



* Op. cit, p. 156. t Problems of Life and Mind, vol. i. p. 127. 



J Op. cit. p. 140. 



See Mailer s Physiology, translated by Dr. Baly, 1842, vol. li. p. 1347. 



