CHAP. VII.] THE BKUTE. 229 



8. A power of responding by appropriate actions to plea 



surable and painful sensations and emotions organic 

 volition. 



9. A power of experiencing vague pleasurable and painful 



feelings emotional sensibility. 



10. A power of expressing such feelings by sounds or by 

 gestures understood by our fellows, and replied to 

 by corresponding sounds and gestures emotional 

 language. 



The above ten groups are composed of powers and resulting 

 actions which may be performed without deliberation and 

 self-consciousness. For these groups it is necessary that the 

 soul should sensibly perceive existing things, but it is not 

 necessary that it should intellectually perceive their exist 

 ence ; that it should feel itself existing, but not that it should 

 intellectually recognise its own existence ; that it should feel 

 relations existing between objects, but not that it should 

 recognise them as relations ; that it should remember, but 

 not intentionally seek to recollect; that it should feel 

 and express emotion, but not that it should intellectually 

 advert to it ; that it should seek the pleasurable, but not 

 that it should consciously make such pleasure its deliberate 

 aim. 



We have already seen that the Instinct of animals is 

 something very different from our developed Keason ; Their reia- 

 but their highest psychical faculties appear to answer psychical fa- 

 pretty closely to the above indeliberate human brutes. 

 faculties, and thus we come to see not only what Instinct 

 differs from, but also what it resembles. 



The remark will here naturally occur to many that reason 

 is only gradually made manifest in ourselves, and The develop- 

 that the history of the human individual seems to individual. 6 

 show that the indeliberate faculties may grow into the deli 

 berate ones, and thus the latter can only be considered as 

 differing from the former in degree, and not in kind. 



To this it may be replied, that one and the same being 



