CHAP. VII] THE BRUTE. 



needed the introduction from without (as Mr. Lewes well says) 

 of a new form or force, which is self-conscious, and so can 

 distinguish itself from what is not itself, and can analyse 

 both. With this new principle once introduced, mere sensa 

 tion is transformed into conscious sensibility; the imagi 

 nation, from being passive, becomes active and creative ; 

 appetite becomes passion, and attachment friendship. The 

 association of images prepares the association of ideas. Asso 

 ciation becomes inference. In a word, from the mere animal, 

 we have man ; and what was but direct, indeliberate, and 

 unconscious Instinct, becomes reflex, deliberate, self-conscious 

 Eeason, with true memory, intelligence, and will. 



Science demands that nothing should be deduced from 

 facts which such facts do not fully warrant ; and if 



, ii.,. Grounds of 



any phenomena can be explained by one agency the this decisi - 

 existence of which we know, it is quite illegitimate to call 

 in an additional and hypothetical one. It is here contended 

 that there is no need whatever to credit brutes with in 

 tellect; first, because all the phenomena they do exhibit 

 can be accounted for without it, while they do not exhibit 

 phenomena characteristic of a rational nature. But besides 

 this negative argument, a positive one, to the same effect, 

 may be drawn from facts which constitute an experimental 

 demonstration: for if the germs of rationality existed in 

 brutes, those germs would certainly have developed long ere 

 this, so as to have produced unequivocal evidences of that 

 faculty during the prodigious lapse of past geological time, 

 especially if we were to accept the Darwinian practical 

 infinity of past organic existence. 



But in fact a book requires to be written on &quot; the stupidity 

 of animals.&quot; It is required on account of that 



, * Stupidity of 



tendency to exaggerate so-called animal intelligence animals 

 (inverted anthropomorphism), and on account of that neglect 

 of contrary instances, while apparently intelligent actions, 

 which may be merely accidental coincidences, are eagerly 

 seized upon. 



Acts which would be reckoned as signs of extreme obtuse- 



i; 



