CHAP. XIII.] CONSEQUENCES. 383 



have, however, seen in preceding chapters that Reason 

 gives us cause to believe that structure and function are 

 different aspects of one whole ; that the force of any acting 

 body (a steam-engine, an electrifying machine, a stinging- 

 nettle, or a gorilla) is not something really distinct from the 

 material thing and inhering in it, but is the thing itself 

 acting the dynamical aspect of the one cohering, living or 

 sentient whole. Deeply considered, the difference between 

 modern phraseology and that of an older school of Two phra8e . 

 philosophy may be said to be, that while for both ologies 

 schools matter and form (or force) are two sides of one whole, 

 the modern school seems to consider the material side as the 

 more important, and as determining the dynamical and 

 formal side ; while the older school regarded the dynamical 

 and formal side as determining the material side. In this 

 the older school seems to me to have the advantage, for how 

 can the essentially statical part dominate and determine the 

 essentially dynamical part ? Even Mr. Lewes would regard 

 the material side as the statical side or aspect of the whole 

 unity ! It may be replied that actions performed on living 

 bodies abundantly demonstrate that the state of the material 

 part determines the dynamical part. But, in the first place, 

 it is impossible to act on the mere material of a living body, 

 since everywhere you find both matter and form ; and, 

 secondly, it is not only the matter, but the dynamical action 

 of other bodies which operate upon the living body supposed, 

 and no one denies the mutual action of the dynamic powers 

 of bodies. 



This, however, is but a remark made by the way, seeing 

 that whichever be the dominant side or aspect it is con 

 ceded that in brutes the two arise, vary, and disappear 

 simultaneously. Why then is it not absolutely necessary 

 that the single force, form, or soul of man (which is with the 

 body one unity as is the soul of a brute with its body) should 

 similarly be annihilated with the structural change of death ? 

 The answer to this question has been prepared in the seventh 

 chapter, wherein it was sought to make plain how vast is the 



