CHAP. XIV.] A POSTSCRIPT. 423 



quarter of a century and \\ith this transformation we witness 

 a strange reaction. 



The ambiguity of Locke caused his system to be developed 

 by Hume, through Berkeley, into scepticism, and by Con- 

 dillac into unmitigated materialism. These results were the 

 occasion of that Kantian resurrection hailed throughout the 

 Continent as a philosophical system finally and triumphantly 

 refuting the school of empiricism. They were also the 

 occasion of the parallel movement in Great Britain of Keid 

 and his followers a movement less developed and less con 

 spicuous than was the reaction under Kant on the European 

 mainland. 



The event has shown, however, that sensationalism was 

 scotched, not killed. In spite of Koyer-Collard, Maine-de- 

 Biran, Jouffroy, and Cousin, the grossest sensationalism has 

 reappeared in France through Auguste Comte. 



In Britain the successors of Keid Sir William Hamilton, 

 Mansel, and McCosh have all been unsuccessful in exor 

 cising the sensational spirit; and though Mr. John Stuart 

 Mill (as almost a pure Lockian) may be regarded as an 

 instance of philosophical &quot;survival,&quot; yet Hume lives again 

 in Huxley and in Lewes; and indeed (however they may 

 differ as to subordinate questions) Messrs. Spencer, Bain, 

 Mill, Comte, Huxley, and Lewes, unite in an essential and 

 fundamental agreement with the great sceptic of Scotland. 



Thus, though fifty years ago the world of thought pro 

 nounced Hume for ever defeated by Kant, we find Hume 

 once more in possession of the field ; and even the extreme 

 sensationalism of Condillac is justified, nay demonstrated to 

 be inevitable truth, by Mr. Herbert Spencer. Indeed that 

 author may, in a certain sense, be deemed the legitimate 

 descendant and representative of Locke, as understood by 

 those who refuse to attribute to the term &quot;reflexion,&quot; as 

 used by him, a meaning which would stultify him as to his 

 whole philosophical position. 



An inquiry into the causes of this untoward resurrection 

 would be full of interest, but cannot, as too remote from the 



