288 NORTH AMERICAN INSECTS. 



Many people in Germany and Hungary carry on an ex 

 tensive trade in pastry, of which the principal ingredient is 

 honey. The city of Nuremberg, in Bavaria, celebrated for 

 merly as the principal manufactory of geographical maps and 

 terrestrial globes, is now distinguished for the manufacture 

 of all sorts of gingerbread and cakes (called Nureriberger Lel- 

 kuchen), made of honey and flour, which are in great de 

 mand through all the cities of Germany, and are even ex 

 ported to Russia. In the city of Presburg, in Hungary, 

 among thirty or forty thousand inhabitants, we found at 

 least a dozen pastry-cooks, each of whom, with their several 

 journeymen, did nothing else but make small and large 

 cakes in the form of a horseshoe, which were filled with 

 pounded poppy-seed (Papaver rhcas) mixed with honey. 

 These cakes, of different sizes, weighing from half a pound 

 to six pounds, are exported in quantities, and are known 

 in Europe as the celebrated and delicious poppy-cakes (Prcs- 

 burger Mohnkuchen), which are commonly used as birthday, 

 Christmas, and other holiday presents. 



In Hungary, Poland, Russia, Prussia, and throughout 

 Germany, a delicious, refreshing, and wholesome beverage 

 is prepared from honey and water, which is called mead. 

 There are three kinds the simple, compound, and the vi 

 nous mead. The simple mead is made of honey and water, 

 without undergoing fermentation ; the compound is mixed 

 with fruit, essences, etc., to give it a mixed flavor ; and the 

 vinous is the simple mead fermented. 



Simple mead is made by boiling three quarts of water 

 in which one part of honey has been dissolved : the quan 

 tity of honey may be augmented or diminished according 

 to the taste of the persons who use it. It must be boiled 

 over a moderate fire to two-thirds of the quantity, when 

 the liquor is skimmed and poured into a barrel, taking care 

 that the barrel is full : it is allowed to subside for three or 

 fowr days, when it may be drawn off for use. This sort of 



