APPENDIX II. 363 



PKOTECTIONS. The very projecting copings which we have 

 recommended for trellised vines are insufficient, if the wall is 

 more than 80 inches high, to protect the grapes from the damp 

 ness of the atmosphere. It will then be advisable to place a 

 movable pent-house at about half the height of the wall after 

 the last gathering of the leaves in the middle of September. 

 This pent-house should project about 20 inches. 



ANNULAR INCISION. Kefer to page 234 for the description of 

 this operation, intended to hasten fifteen days the ripening of the 

 grape, and which will increase also fully a third the size of the 

 berry. 



RENEWAL OF THE TKELLISKD VINE. The trellised vine, 

 attended in the manner we have described, will bear fruit for 

 more than fifty years. But there comes a time when the suc 

 cessive renewal of the spurs produces upon them so many 

 knots that tile circulation of the sap is interrupted. The vege 

 tation becomes languishing, many of the coursons wither, and 

 the vertical stems themselves finally perish. &quot;When this state 

 of decrepitude first manifests itself, the cultivator proceeds to 

 the renewal of the vine. All the vertical stalks are cut at about 

 8 inches above the soil (Fig. 99). This trimming concentres the 

 action of the sap upon this point, and so develops a certain 

 number of shoots. During the summer the most vigorous are 

 chosen and the others removed. The following year the 

 reserved shoot is cut above the third bud, and the same care 

 before described is applied to the three resulting shoots. Then 

 the process is continued as for the establishment of a young 

 vine. To assure its success, it is well to remove, from the time 

 when the shoots are suppressed, as much earth as possible from 

 the foot of the trellis without injuring the roots of the vine, and 

 we should apply abundance of manure, which should be covered 

 with a bed of new earth nearly equal in thickness to that 

 removed. When the trellis to be renewed is in a state of 

 advanced decrepitude, and when a certain number of vertical 

 stalks are completely withered, and the regularity of the whole 

 is lost, we proceed in a different manner. Each vertical stem 

 is cut off, as we have said, above, and those which are dead 



