293 COSMIC PHILOSOPHY. [FT. IT 



together of Wee things; reasoning is a grouping together of 

 lilce relations among things.&quot; 1 In this fundamental doctrine 

 the two different schools of modern psychology, represented 

 respectively by Mr. Bain and Mr. Mansel, will thoroughly 

 agree. But from this it inevitably follows that the highest and 

 the lowest manifestations of intelligence consist respectively 

 of processes which differ only in heterogeneity and definite- 

 ness and in the extent to which they are compounded. 



But while proving that science is but an extension of or 

 dinary knowledge, it was also proved that the higher orders 

 of knowledge differ from the lower in the greater remoteness, 

 generality, and abstractness of the relations which they for 

 mulate, in the greater definiteness of their formulas, and in 

 their more complete organization. Our inquiry into the 

 mutual relations of life and intelligence 2 elicited an exactly 

 p &amp;gt;rallel set of conclusions. It was there shown that psychical 

 life consists in the continuous establishment of subjective rela 

 tions answering to objective relations ; and that, as we advance 

 through the animal kingdom from the lowest to the highest 

 forms, this correspondence between the mind and the environ 

 ment extends to relations which are continually more remote 

 in space and time, more clearly denned, but at the same time 

 more general ; and finally we also traced a progressive orga 

 nization of correspondences. Continually, while passing in 

 review the various aspects of the progress of intelligence 

 in the animal kingdom, we found ourselves ending with 

 illustrations drawn from that progress of human intelligence 

 which is determined by social conditions. Let us now illus 

 trate this subject somewhat further by tracing out the intel 

 lectual correspondence between man and his environment, as 

 increasing in remoteness, in speciality and generality, in 

 complexity, in definiteness, and in coherent organization. 



1 Spencer s Essays, 1st series, p. 189 ; see above, part i. chap, ii ; pan U. 

 chap. xv. 

 See above, part ii. chap. xiv. 



