en. xxn.] GENESIS OF MAN, MORALLY. 359 



that by whicli. the lowest savage surpasses the highest ape ; 

 just as the gulf between the cerebral capacity of the English 

 man and that of the non- Aryan dweller in Hindustan is six 

 times greater than the gulf which similarly divides the non- 

 Aryan Hindu from the gorilla. And we have indicated in 

 sundry ways how this increase in representative capacity, 

 itself a pre-requisite to any high degree of social combination, 

 has been furthered by each advance in social combination, 

 so that the enormous psychical progress achieved since man 

 kind became distinctly human has been mainly dependent 

 upon that increasing heterogeneity of experience which in 

 creasing social integration has supplied. 



But in spite of the fact that the psychical progress achieved 

 since mankind became distinctly human is so much greater 

 in quantity than that which was required to carry it from 

 apehood to manhood, we were led to adopt the Duke oi 

 Argyll s suggestion, that the boundary was really crossed 

 when this preliminary and less conspicuous psychical pro 

 gress had been achieved. And working out the happy 

 thought which science owes to Mr. Wallace, we concluded 

 that this comparatively inconspicuous but all-essential step 

 in psychical progress was taken when the intelligence of the 

 progenitors of mankind had reached the point where a slight 

 increase in representative capacity came to be of greater 

 utility to the species than any practicable variation in bodily 

 structure. Here our first line of inquiry ended. So far as the 

 mere subordination of physical to psychical modification is 

 concerned, the character of the progress from apehood to 

 manhood now became intelligible. 



But at this point we were confronted with a new question, 

 suggested by some of the conclusions obtained on our first 

 line of inquiry. Having perceived that the intellectual 

 progress, or increase in representative capacity, which dis 

 tinguishes man from brute, is so intimately connected with 

 man s capacity for social combination, it became needful 



