CH. xxii.] GENESIS OF MAN, MORALLY. 361 



so far as we can trace them out, recalling soine of the conclu 

 sions reached in the chapter on the Evolution of Mind. 



In an animal whose relations with its environment are 

 very simple, resulting in an experience which is but slightly 

 varied, the combinations of acts requisite for suppoi ^ ing life 

 take place with a regularity and monotony approaching the 

 monotonous regularity with which the functions of the 

 viscera are performed. Hence the tendency to perform these 

 actions is completely established at birth in each individual, 

 just as the tendency of the viscera to perform their several 

 functions is pre-established, all thai is required in addition 

 being simply the direct stimulus of outward physical oppor 

 tunity. And the psychical life of such an animal we call 

 purely instinctive or automatic. In such an animal the 

 organized experience of the race counts for everything, the 

 experience of the individual for nothing, save as contributing 

 its mite towards the cumulated experience of the race. But 

 in an animal whose relations with its environment are very 

 complex, resulting in an experience which is necessarily 

 varied to a considerable extent from generation to generation, 

 the combinations of acts requisite for supporting life must 

 occur severally with far less frequency than in the case of 

 the lower animal just considered. Hence the tendency to 

 perform any particular group of these actions will not be 

 completely established at birth in each individual, like the 

 tendency of the viscera to perform their several functions. 

 On the other hand, there will be a multitude of conflicting 

 tendencies, and it will be left for the circumstances subse 

 quent to birth to determine which groups of tendencies shall 

 be carried out into action. The psychical life of such an 

 animal is no longer purely automatic or instinctive. A 

 portion of its life is spent in giving direction to its future 

 career, and in thus further modifying the inherited tendencies 

 with which its offspring start in life. In such an animal the 

 organized experience of the race counts for much, but the 



