2l6 AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST [N. s., 18, 1916 



gests a side-to-side grinding movement of the jaw in the Eskimo 

 as in Mousterian man, as opposed to the direct bite of civilized 

 man. The extremely broad palate of the Eskimo is further evidence 

 of this movement. Consequently, the teeth are worn off obliquely 

 the inclination being inward on the upper jaw and outward on the 

 lower. 



In one aged male skull (5403) the atlas is fused with the base of 

 the skull, resulting in an obscuring of the outlines of the foramen 

 magnum, which appears distorted. In another male skull (5404) 

 the foramen magnum is decidedly asymmetrical. In 5408, owing 

 to a diseased condition of the bone (plate xiv), the entire base of 

 the skull is twisted out of shape. The pyriform shape of the 

 foramen magnum was not noted in any of the crania. 



INFANTILE AND ADULT CHARACTERISTICS 



Duckworth and Pain, in &quot;A Contribution to Eskimo Crani- 

 ology, &quot; have outlined those characteristics of Eskimo crania which 

 they attribute to growth, and those which they believe are reten 

 tions of infantile traits. The present series has been carefully 

 gone over with this in mind. Of the infantile characteristics 

 retained in the adult the following held good : the megasemic orbital 

 aperture, the flattened nasal skeleton, the small mastoid processes, 

 and the persistence of the infra-orbital suture. For the rest, the 

 pyriform contour of the foramen magnum was not present in either 

 the young or adults, the prominence of the chin was more apparent 

 than real, and the most important infantile trait suggested, the 

 dolichocephalic character of the skull, was not borne out by our re 

 sults at all. Both the infantile skulls in our series are mesocephalic 

 (indices 78.85 and 75.5), as are the three &quot; young&quot; skulls from 

 Southampton island described by Hrdlicka, with cephalic indices 

 of 78.1, 77, and 76.1 respectively. We would therefore be 

 inclined to place the dolichocephalic character of the adult Eskimo 

 head under those characteristics acquired by growth. To this we 

 would add the other traits suggested by Duckworth and Pain tinder 

 this head ; the low nasal index, depending on the extreme narrowness 

 of the nasal aperture (which Hrdlicka suggests may be an adaption 



