HAWKES] SKELETAL MEASUREMENTS, POINT BARROW ESKIMO 21? 



to extreme cold); the greater prominence of the malar bones, and 

 the scaphocephalic cranium without sagittal synostosis. Of these 

 the difference in nasal width is not great proportionally between 

 young and adult skulls, and the scaphocephalic cranium is much 

 more frequent in the males. 



INDIVIDUAL VARIATION 



The accompanying table of the variation of the indices of in 

 dividuals within the three great Eskimo branches (see Table B) , 

 eastern, central, and western, was suggested by a table of the 

 individual variation in the indices of a set of Labrador and Green 

 land skulls examined by Duckworth and Pain. It appeared 

 feasible to extend this treatment to other Eskimo groups and denote 

 the individual variation within each group and as compared with 

 each other. The number of crania in the different groups is not 

 exactly the same, but sufficiently close for general conclusions. 

 For the central group the adult skulls of HrdliCka s Southampton 

 islanders have been taken, and for the western, the adult crania 

 in the present series. Hence, we have small but representative 

 groups for comparison. 



In those indices which determine the racial affinity of Eskimo 

 tribes, the cephalic . vertical , jnasal ,, and, orbital, the average indices 

 of all three groups are very-close. Consequently, when we find the 

 traits which the indices reveal, a dolichocephalic head, megasemic 

 orbits, and leptorhinian nasal structure persisting throughout these 

 groups, we may safely conclude that the racial relation is strong, 

 and that the variations of tribe and tribe are less than the individual 

 ones. We might further expect that the individual variation would 

 be greatest in that branch which has been subjected to the addi 

 tional stimulation afforded by an improved environment and con 

 tact with races of a superior type and culture. Consequently, we 

 find the individual variation more noticeable in the west, and the 

 western type with lengthened face, shortened bi-zygomatic breadth, 

 and increased stature somewhat different. But the change is a very 

 gradual one from group to group, and the physical type, like the 

 culture and language, dominated by the same essential traits 

 throughout. 



