HAWKES] SKELETAL MEASUREMENTS, POINT BARROW ESKIMO 22$ 



its small frontal width. In fact, some heads are so scaphoid as to 

 appear pathological. In spite of the extreme height of the Eskimo 

 head, the altitudinal index is much diminished by the extreme 

 length of the skull. Consequently, the Eskimo have a lower height 

 index s than the Lapps, who have a notably low skull, and who attain 

 a higher degree on account of their shortness of head. The height 

 breadth index gives a truer picture of the proportionate shape of 

 the head, outside of length. Topinard suggested a combination of 

 the height and height-breadth indices, an averaging of the results 

 obtained by each, which would accord more nearly with the appear 

 ance of the crania. 



In ten cases out of fourteen in the male series of the Point Barrow 

 skulls the height exceeds the width. Among the Eastern Eskimo 

 the proportion is greater, the general type having a width of 144 mm. 

 and a height of 150 mm. The average width of the Point Barrow 

 male skulls is 137.3 and the average height 138.7. The average 

 height of the female crania shows a considerable decrease (133 mm.), 

 whereas the width is nearly equal to that of the males (135.8). 



The difference of the sexes in relation to height and breadth of 

 skull is well brought out in the height-breadth indices. In this 

 series there is only one female skull which does not fall under 106 

 (the width exceeding the height), and only four male skulls which 

 do not give an index above 100 (the height exceeding the width). 

 The four male skulls in which the breadth exceeds the height possess 

 certain peculiarities in common which leads to the suspicion that 

 they may represent an intruding strain of blood from another 

 Eskimo district. They all possess a very high and well-marked 

 temporal ridge, a high keel, a narrow forehead but a wide and 

 bulging backhead. All four show a height-breadth index of 97, 

 and in three the measurement for height and breadth is identical, 

 137 mm. and 134 mm. 



Capacity. In determining the capacity of the Point Barrow 

 skulls an attempt was made to use the general formula of Dr. Lee 1 

 but it was found that the results did not agree with the actual 

 measurements. The scaphocephalic shape of the Eskimo head, 



1 Phil. Trans., 196, A, 1901. 

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