HAWKES] SKELETAL MEASUREMENTS, POINT BARROW ESKIMO 21$ 



the formation of compensatory vertebral curves. It is noteworthy 

 that the Alaskan Eskimo, who do not use the kayak with the same 

 expertness as the Greenlanders, from whom Dawson drew his 

 material, nevertheless retain this racial characteristic of a well- 

 marked clirve. 1 



OCCURRENCE OF OTHER ANOMALIES 



Although the Eskimo skull is scaphoid in shape, the sagittal 

 suture remains open to an advanced age, in contradiction to the 

 early closure of crania of this shape in other races, due.tQ lateral 

 pressure. In only three of the twenty-eight Point Barrow skulls 

 is there a complete fusion of the parietals. One of these is a male, 

 and the other a female, both aged. The other case, curiously 

 enough, is that of an adolescent skull. The sagittal suture is com 

 pletely closed although the other sutures are well marked and den 

 tition is incomplete. The shape of the adolescent skull is rounded 

 rather than scaphoid. The female skulls are less scaphocephalic 

 than the male. 



In several of the skulls of both sexes the metopic suture is not 

 yet closed in the region of the glabella. The infra-orbital suture 

 persists in a majority of cases. There are ten cases of the appear 

 ance of Wormian bones in the occipital region, and one skull 

 (5428) shows the rare Epiteric bone. A search for evidence of 

 grooves formed by the supra-orbital nerves in the frontal region and 

 blood vessels in the occipital, 2 which are said to be rare in the 

 Eskimo, failed to reveal anything in this series. 



The incisors, in the young as well as in the adults, meet edge to 

 edge, instead of overlapping as in most races. The canines also 

 meet instead of falling one behind the other and are worn down to a 

 level with the incisors. They are much thickened and approach the 

 pre-molar in shape. The position and wear of the front teeth sug- 



1 Cunningham, Lumbar Curve in Man and the Apes. Cunningham Memoirs, 

 Royal Irish Academy, 1886. 



2 &quot;On Certain Markings, Due to Nerves and Blood Vessels, Upon the Cranial 

 Vault; Their Significance and the Relative Frequency of their Occurrence in the Dif 

 ferent Races of Mankind,&quot; A. Francis Dixon, Journal of Anatomy and Physiology, 

 Vol. 38, 1904. 



