HAWKES] SKELETAL MEASUREMENTS, POINT BARROW ESKIMO 2$$ 



TABLE n 



ESKIMO CRANIA FROM POINT BARROW, ALASKA 

 Dentition 



as in the anthropoids and higher races of man, but meet edge to edge, 

 and wear on a level with the incisors. The direction of the wear is 

 oblique, being inward on the upper jaw, and outward on the lower. 

 The inclination is due to the outer margins of the central lateral 

 teeth of the lower jaw being brought into contact with the inner 

 sides of the opposing teeth in the upper jaw during the grinding 

 sideways movements of the mandible (Knowles). The extremely 

 tough nature of the Eskimo food, much of which is eaten raw or 

 dried, renders the rotary chewing process much more necessary 

 than in other savage races that live almost entirely on fresh meat. 

 The fondness of the Eskimo for chewing tough skin of the whale or 

 mukluk (big seal), and the regular work of the women in chewing 

 boot soles and skins, increases this tendency. 



The crowns of all the teeth are heavy, even the canine approach 

 ing the premolar in shape. In the molars an additional tubercle is 

 often present, and occasionally an accessory one. The third molar 

 frequently takes on a foliated appearance, with additional small 

 tubercles (see cuspid formulae). 



