HAWKES] SKELETAL MEASUREMENTS, POINT BARROW ESKIMO 237 



The asymmetry of the manubrium is indicated in the following 

 measurements. 



INFRA MARGIN OF THE CLAVICULAR FACET TO THE MESOSTERNAL SUTURE 



5864 (male) 5429 (fern.) 



Right Left Right Left 



37-5 40 38 41 



EDGE OF MESOSTERNAL SUTURE TO MIDDLE OF INTERCLAVICULAR NOTCH 



Right Left Right Left 



48.5 45.2 49 47-2 



TRANSVERSE DIAMETER OF THE CLAVICULAR FACETS 



Right Left Right Left 



17 16 22.1 21 



It will be seen from the above that asymmetry of the manubrium 

 is proportional in both skeletons. The depression of the right side, 

 however, appears to be confined to it. The levels of articulation 

 with the ribs, the costal facets, are noticeably higher on the right 

 side than on the left, not only as regards the upper facets, as is more 

 usual (Thompson), but in the case of the lower as well. 



The same causes which led to asymmetry of the manubrium 

 have also led to a corresponding lengthening of the right first rib 

 and clavicle. In both skeletons the right clavicle is four mm. 

 longer than the left, and the first rib from one to five mm. longer 

 on the right than the left. The contraction of the left side has 

 resulted in a thickening of the bones and an increase of their curve 

 with a corresponding diminution of the curve in those on the right 

 side. 1 



1 The depression of the right shoulder, and resultant changes already noted are 

 not confined to any one race. It has been noted in the white race and is said to be 

 caused by carrying heavy objects on the right shoulder, or more particularly in the 

 right hand. The heavy harpoon and dog whip which the Eskimo are accustomed to 

 carry in the right hand, as well as the more extended use of the same, may have caused 

 an exaggeration of this tendency. 



A curious anomaly is the existence of a thirteenth rib in connection with an 

 additional thoracic vertebra in 5864. It may have been present in 5429 also, as this 

 skeleton had the additional vertebra, but is now incomplete. 



The thirteenth rib occurs on both sides, the length being 89 mm. for the right and 

 87.5 for the left. They are roughened for muscular attachment and the articular facets 

 are large and well developed. In shape, and the arrangement of bony protuberances, 

 they agree with the twelfth rib of normal individuals. In both 5864 and 5429 the 

 twelfth rib is abnormally long (in 5864 156 mm. for the right and 152 mm. for the left) 

 and its tip deeply pitted for the attachment of cartilage. 



