ILLUSTRATIONS 



Page 



PLATE I. The Calaveras (California) skull as it was in 1902 22 



II. Skulls from Illinois 30 



III. Skull from Burlington county, New Jersey 37 



IV. Skull from Biverview cemetery, Trenton, New Jersey 37 



V. The Lansing (Kansas) skull 49 



VI. Skulls from Florida 57 



VII. The North Osprey (Florida) femur and tibia 59 



VIII. The South Osprey (Florida) skeleton 59 



IX. Osseous remains in process of silicification, found at South Osprey, 



Florida 64 



X. Skulls from Gilder mound 80 



XI. Skulls from Gilder mound 80 



XII. Skulls with low foreheads (Davenport Academy of Sciences) 95 



XIII. Mound-builder skulls (Davenport Academy of Sciences) 95 



XIV. Skull from mound in North Dakota (TJ. S. National Museum no. 



228876) 99 



XV. Skull of Piegan from Montana (U. S. National Museum no. 243673) _ 99 

 XVI. Skull from mound near Browning, Schuyler county, Illinois (U. S. 



National Museum no. 136778 ) 99 



XVII. Skulls with low foreheads, from Illinois and Nevada 99 



XVIII. Skulls with low foreheads, from California. 99 



XIX. Skull from Santa Cruz island, California (V. S. National Museum 



no. 241927) 99 



XX. Skulls with low foreheads, from California and Wisconsin 99 



XXI. Skull from mound in Orange county, Indiana (U. S. National Mu 

 seum no. 243855) 99 



FIG. 1. ( Geological formations concerned in human history 9 



2. The Natchez pelvic bone (after Leidy) 18 



3. Cave skull, Calaveras county, California; side view. - 26 



4. Remnant of the skull of the &quot;Hombre del Penon&quot; (after Barcena, in 



La Naturaleza, vn, no. 16) 34 



5. Front view of two of the Bremen chamsecephals 44 



6. Side and top views of one of the Bremen chamyecephals. 45 



7. Comparison of the nasion-opisthion arcs, geometrically constructed, 



of the Lansing skull and three modern Indian crania 53 



8. Sketch map of Osprey and vicinity 54 



9. Section of deposits showing position of the Osprey skull 61 



10. Shore line at South Osprey - 62 



11. Section of the layers at the locality of the South Osprey find 63 



12. Antero-posterior arcs of skulls no. 8 and no. 6 79 



13. Antero-posterior arcs of skulls no. 4402, Davenport Academy of 



Sciences, and no. 6, Gilder mound 94 



14. Antero-posterior arcs of skulls no. 4402, Davenport Academy of 



Sciences, and no. 8, Gilder mound 94 



15. Antero-posterior arcs of skulls no. 242982, U. S. National Museum, 



and no. 6, Gilder mound 95 



16. Antero-posterior arcs of skulls no. 242982, U. S. National Museum, 



and no. 8, Gilder mound 95 



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