SKELETAL EEMAINS 49 



Considered anthropologically, all the parts of the skeleton, and the 

 skull in particular, approach closely in every character of impor 

 tance the average skeleton of the present-day Indian of the Central 

 states. Zoologically, as well as in growth, the Lansing skeleton and 

 the skeleton of the typical present-day Indian of the upper Mississippi 

 region are of the same degree and quality. 



There is no resemblance whatever between the Lansing skull and 

 the low skulls from Trenton. a 



As to the skull, the vault is fairly well preserved, but the facial 

 parts and the base are to a large extent destroyed. When recovered 

 by Mr. Long the specimen was in pieces, but it has been well repaired 

 and is suitable for measurement. (Plate v, a, &.) The skull shows 

 good development and is in no way artificially deformed. It exhibits 

 slight asymmetry, the left part of the frontal bone protruding 

 somewhat more than the right ; such asymmetry is quite common and 

 is not due to any detectable abnormal condition. Viewed from side, 

 top, or base, the skull is ovoid in shape, the smaller end forward; 

 from front and back, particularly the latter, it appears pentagonal, 

 with the summit of the figure upward. The forehead is somewhat 

 low and sloping when compared with that of a well-developed skull 

 of a white man, but appears normal in comparison with the forehead 

 of undeformed skulls of Indians. 



The temporo-parietal region shows but moderate convexity; the 

 parietal bosses, however, are well defined, though not unduly prom 

 inent. The sagittal region is somewhat elevated, forming a moderate 

 sagittal ridge, which extends from about the obelion to bregma; a 

 slight ridge is also seen along the metopic line over the middle third 

 of the frontal bone. These ridges which, separated or more often 

 joined, are common in Indian skulls, give the cranium, when viewed 

 from the front or from the back, its pentagonal appearance. About 

 midway between the bregma and lambda the ridge, which from this 

 point backward rapidly diminishes, forms a quite marked but in no 

 way abnormal summit. 



The occiput is rather bulging, as common in dolichocephaly. The 

 base is much damaged, but so far as can be determined it agrees 

 in its general features with that of an average skull of the modern 

 Indian. The lower jaw also is somewhat damaged; it agrees in 

 sexual character with the rest of the skeleton; it may be described 

 as about medium in all its features and in no way peculiar ; the chin 

 shows fair prominence. There are nine teeth remaining in the lower 

 jaw, all of about average male size and all considerably worn down; 

 such attrition is the rule with older individuals among the Indians. 



The thickness of the cranial vault and the weight of the skull are 



a See p. 35 et seq. 

 3453 No. 3307 1 



