68 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 38 



Three days thereafter I started my first ditch through the old excavation, 

 beginning on the east side of the hole and running eastward. The bottom of 

 the hole was filled with loose earth, which had been recently moved. I did 

 not find anything that day and only made fair progress through the mound, 

 as I worked from top to bottom, a depth of about 5 feet. 



The Sunday following, accompanied by Omer Butler, an artist on the World- 

 Herald, I continued my work at the hill. . . . The very first shovelful of 

 earth brought out a large femur and then immediately a mass of bones were 

 brought to light, many of w r hich were broken. 



I then cleared off the surface and worked dow r n from above. The upper part 

 of the mound consisted of earth which I knew had been moved. ... At 

 2 feet . . . small pieces of charcoal, bits of mussel shell as large as my 

 finger-nail, and quartzite spalls were found in the earth. I judged the burial 

 to be similar to other (fire) burials in that and other sections which I had 

 previously encountered. Beneath the blackened mass I found fragments of 

 calcined clay, bits of which I have retained, while beneath this again, at a 

 depth of 4% feet from the surface, the ground was so hard and compact that it 

 was removed with the greatest difficulty in my rather cramped quarters in the 

 trench. Four inches beneath this compact earth which at the time I believed 

 to have been hardened by fire and nearly 5 feet from the surface, I brought 

 out skull no. 5. There was no other bone near it. I was obliged to return to 

 the city, but before the skull was removed Mr. Butler made a sketch of it as it 

 lay in the ground and of the trench and its surroundings. I held my tape 

 measure from the surface to the skull so that it would be accurate, and the 

 tape w r as sketched in the picture. 



I have unearthed many skulls in this vicinity of what I- term ancient and 

 modern Indian types, and I at once noted the vast difference between them 

 and the one I held in my hand. 



After securing the first skull I worked in the hill at every available moment, 

 but I was accompanied by personal friends whom I requested to memorize 

 everything pertaining to the bones, skulls, and environment. 



With my stepson, George C. Clark, I began on the south side of a 20-foot 

 circle &quot;from what I took to be the mound s center and drifted in toward the 

 point whence I had taken the skull, expecting to strike the skeletal parts. Our 

 trench was wider than my first. We were compelled to build smudge fires to 

 keep the mosquitoes away, but we worked several hours and found the larger 

 bones of a skeleton at a level 12 inches (tape measure) above the level of no. 5 

 skull. No other skull was found ; the femurs and shin bones were in good con 

 dition. Skulls nos. 3 and 4 were also taken at this point, but several inches 

 lower than the femur bones. The earth was as hard as plaster, and digging 

 was exceedingly difficult. Whatever bones were found near the skulls were 

 combined with them as if belonging to the crania. 



The following day Mr. Clinton A. Case accompanied me. We widened the 

 ditch I had first dug and carried it 8 feet to the west. We then cut off the 

 intersecting corner of the first ditch and that which I had run with my stepson. 

 At 3 feet deep we secured skulls nos. 1 and 2 ... and some of the upper 

 parts of the skeleton bones. They lay with their heads toward the center, skele 

 tons radiating from the center. We also took a skeleton without skull lying at 

 same level. 



The following day I worked alone. I sunk a ditch from the surface, 5 feet 

 long and 3 feet wide, 2 feet south of the ditch running east and west, and 

 secured the lower leg and foot bone of the skeletons recovered with Mr. Case. 

 In the south corner of this ditch I sunk a shaft 4 feet and brought out the 

 mandible of a skull. No other bones were within 15 inches of it. I tunneled 



