74 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 33 



BAEBOUR, ydtraska Geological tiurvcu, n, part ( ., 1907. For the most part the 

 same words as in Science, January 18. 



Addition*. Page 330. &quot; Respecting the antiquity of the remains, the chief evi 

 dence paleontologically must he derived from the skulls, which seem to be of 

 the Neanderthal type. Evidences from other skeletal parts are subject to error, 

 owing to the wide range of variation in human bones. The association of 

 loess fossils is significant, and when even a remnant of any extinct species is 

 found it will he final. No sign of stratification, which would be valuable evi 

 dence, can he reported.&quot; 



Page 34(5. &quot; The skulls are of the Neanderthal type, with thick protruding 

 brows, low forehead devoid of frontal eminences, large parietal eminences, nar 

 row temples, thick skull walls, and small brain capacity.&quot; &quot; They are higher 

 in the human scale than Neanderthal man, but lower than the mound builder. 

 They resemble the man of Spy.&quot; 



Page 347. &quot; Skull 8 scarcely varies in size and shape from Pithecanthropus 

 erectux.&quot; 



As to the age of the man in the Nebraska loess, Professor Barbour repeats, 

 with but slight modifications, his conclusions on the subject published in Science 

 of January 18. The discovery is believed to carry &quot; man in America back to 

 Glacial times.&quot; But he adds that &quot; In several places adjacent to Gilder s 

 mound exposures of human bones in supposed loess are already known, and 

 investigation promises to extend the present known limits of the supposed 

 human bone bed.&quot; 



BLACK MAN, Records of the Paxf, March, 1907. No personal observations on 

 Gilder mound or specimens from the same. Quotes Professor Barbour as fol 

 lows : &quot; From a geologist s standpoint there is scarcely a possibility that these 1 

 bone fragments were ever buried by human hands. Instead, the bones were 

 doubtless deposited with the loess, the age of which may be safely reckoned at 

 ten thousand to twenty thousand years or more.&quot; 



Further on (page 77) Professor Blackmail records the following interesting 

 observation : &quot; I suggested to Doctor Barbour the possibility that gophers may 

 have worked the bones from the higher to the lower level. I have found buf 

 falo bones 10 feet deep in gopher holes. It was very difficult to observe the 

 moved loess which filled the hole, as all the hill was the same kind of deposit. 

 But the Doctor assured me that this could not possibly be the case.&quot; 



Professor Blackmail finishes by giving brief notes on several other finds which, 

 may have bearing on the question of man s antiquity in Nebraska and tho 

 neighboring States. 



Toward the end of January, 1907, the writer was directed by the 

 Chief of the Bureau of American Ethnology to visit the University 

 of Nebraska and examine the Gilder Mound bones. The specimens 

 were placed at the writer s disposal in the most liberal manner by 

 Professors Barbour and Ward, and every needed assistance was 

 accorded. When the examination was completed these gentlemen, as 

 well as Mr. Gilder, accompanied him to the mound, which, fortu 

 nately, was almost wholly free of snow and could be fairly well 

 observed. In the following pages is given a brief account of the 

 mound and its examination. 



DESCRIPTION OF THE MOUND 



North of the small town of Florence, and to the west of the Mis 

 souri, the country presents some rather bold elevations, composed of 



