80 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 33 



Measurements of skull no. 6, with arcompanyinfj Imcer jaw 



Vault : cm. 



Diameter antero-posterior maximum 18.6 



Diameter lateral maximum, about 14.7 



Height medium. 



Diameter frontal minimum __ 8.8 



Diameter frontal maximum 11.65 



Nasion-bregma arc 11. 5 



Bregma-lambda arc 11.8 



Lower jaw : 



Vertical height in middle 3.4 



Length of right horizontal ramus 10.8 



Length of left horizontal ramus 10.5 



Height of right vertical ramus G. 8 



Least breadth of right vertical ramus- 3. 75 



SKULL NO. 8 (plates x, #, xi, a; figures 12, 14, 16) 



Discovered in 1894, at a depth of less than 5 feet, in Gilder mound, by Charles 

 S. Huntington. A moderate-sized imperfect adult masculine cranium, recon 

 structed in the proper way and without distortion, from about a dozen frag 

 ments. The specimen shows a most interesting conformation but is in no way 

 diseased or deformed. Color pale-yellowish to grayish, with some dark dis 

 coloration similar to that shown in patches by almost all the crania and many 

 other bones from the same source. The dorsal surface of the vault shows a 

 tendency to scaling, but there is no chalkiness of the bone, which has a firm 

 structure and no perceptible trace of fossilization. 



The skull is mesocephalic, with length-breadth index of approximately 78. 

 It is ovoid in shape, with the smaller end anteriorly, when viewed from the side 

 or the top, while the outline of its posterior plane approaches the pentagonal. 

 Its most striking and anthropologically interesting characteristics are a very 

 deficient vaulting of the forehead and a large forestructure to the same, con 

 sisting of a pronounced supraorbital crest and ridges. In this respect it can 

 best be described as neanderthaloid. It does not equal the well-known Neander 

 thal skull in its crest, ridges, and flat forehead, but approximates it quite closely. 

 The supraorbital ridges and crest are so pronounced that along their whole 

 length a well-marked depression exists between them and the forehead. There 

 is no trace of frontal bosses and but little vaulting. The glabella lies in a 

 depression 2.5 mm. deep between the excessive ridges. There are a slight 

 metopic ridge and a little more pronounced sagittal elevation, terminating at 

 the middle of the sagittal suture in a well-marked summit. The temporo- 

 parietal regions, moderately convex, show nothing unusual. The temporal 

 ridges, nowhere pronounced, are marked over the anterior half of the parietals 

 by a depression ; their nearest approach to the median line on the right is 4.5 

 cm. (left?). The occiput shows medium convexity and a pronounced superior 

 crest. The right mastoid is of rather submedium male proportions. The 

 sutures show submedium serration ; obliteration is visible externally in the 

 posterior four-fifths of the sagittal, and in small spots along the lambdoid. 

 The base is wholly lacking. Ventrally there is no special feature. Thickness 

 of left parietal, 5 to 7 mm. 



