The New Land and the New Race 19 



scribed as &quot;Pine tree&quot; chiefs; of these the most 

 famous example is Thayendanegea, or Joseph 

 Brant. Third, Chiefs by adoption. 



The Dutch, after the foundation of New 

 Amsterdam, or New York, were the first to come enant Chain &quot; 

 into contact with the Six Nations, and formed 

 with them a &quot;Covenant Chain&quot; or compact to 

 maintain friendly relations. When the English The English 

 superseded the Dutch they assumed the obliga- Dutch 8 , 1 &quot; 1664 * 

 tions of the Covenant Chain . The Six Nations 

 became in this way, next to the Portugese, the 

 oldest continuous allies of the English people. 



Of the six members, the Mohawks were the r * n to 

 firmest in their allegiance to the &quot;Covenant 

 Chain&quot; and the Oneidas the most divided. In 

 the War of Independence the Oneidas adopted 

 a position of neutrality with the result that they 

 were attacked by the other members of the Con 

 federacy and forced to take refuge with the 

 Americans, where they remained until the close 

 of the War. The American, and greater part of 

 the tribe, was settled on Reserves in New York 

 State and at Green Bay, Wisconsin, with a com 

 posite remnant in Oklahoma. About seven 

 hundred, refusing the transfer to Green Bay, 

 crossed into Canada and were located on the banks 

 of the Thames near Strathroy. A part of the 

 Onondagas also remained in New York State. 

 The others, with the loyal portion of the Oneidas, 

 &quot;rather than swerve from their allegiance chose 

 to abandon their dwellings and property.&quot; A 

 majority under Captain Joseph Brant fled to 



