300 ADVANCEMENT OF LEARNING 



A PREPOSSESSION AGAINST AN INVETERATE OPINION 

 / will let you understand to the full what sprung from the 



thing itself, what error has tacked to it, and what envy has 



raised upon it. 



And these few examples may serve to show our meaning 

 as to the lesser forms of speech. 40 



CHAPTER IV 



Two General Appendices to Tradition, via., the Arts of Teaching 

 and Criticism 



THERE remain two general appendages to the doctrine 

 of delivery; the one relating to criticism, the other 

 to school-learning. For as the principal part of trad- 

 itive prudence turns upon the writing; so its relative turns 

 upon the reading of books. Now reading is either regulated 

 by the assistance of a master, or left to every one s pri 

 vate industry; but both depend upon criticism and school- 

 learning. 



Criticism regards, first, the exact correcting and publish 

 ing of approved authors; whereby the honor of such authors 

 is preserved, and the necessary assistance afforded to the 

 reader. Yet the misapplied labors and industry of some 

 have in this respect proved highly prejudicial to learning; 

 for many critics have a way, when they fall upon anything 



40 Though the ancients may seem to have perfected rhetoric, yet the moderns 

 have given it new light. Gerhord Vossius bestowed incredible pains upon this 

 art, as appears by his book &quot;De Natura et Constitutione Rhetorics&quot;; and still 

 more by his &quot;Institutionea Oratories.&quot; See also Wolfgang; Schoensleder s 

 &quot;Apparatus Eloquentiae&quot; ; &quot;Tesmari Exercitationes Rhetoricse,&quot; etc. Several 

 French authors have likewise cultivated this subject; particularly Rapin, in his 

 &quot;Reflexions sur 1 Eloquence&quot;; Bohour, in his &quot;Maniere de bien Penser dans 

 les Ouvrages de 1 Esprit&quot; and his &quot;Pensees Ingenieuses&quot; ; Father Lamy, 

 in his &quot;Art de Parler.&quot; See also M. Cassander s French translation of Aris 

 totle s Rhetorics; the anonymous pieces, entitled, &quot;L Art de Penser,&quot; and 

 &quot;L Art de Persuader&quot;; Le Clerc s &quot;Historie Rhetoricse,&quot; in his &quot;Ars Cril- 

 ica&quot;; and &quot;Stollius de Arte Rhetoricse,&quot; in his &quot;Introductio in Historiam 

 Literariam, &quot; Shaw. 



